PPT On Importance Of Audio Visual Aids

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Importance Of Audio Visual Aids  Presentation Transcript

1.INTRODUCTION

• As we all know that today’s age is the age of science & technology. The teaching learning programs have also been affected by it. The process of teaching learning depends upon the different type of equipment available in the classroom.
• Audio visual aids are being increasingly used in modern day educational programs & have become inevitable to make the classroom teaching colorful & vivid. 
• These are the devices by which the teacher helps the students to clarify, establish & correlate concepts them through utilization of more than one sensory channel.

2. NEED OF TEACHING AIDS

• Every individual has tendency to forget. Proper use of AV aids helps to retain more concepts permanently.
• Students can learn better when they are motivated properly through different AV aids.
• AV aids develop the proper image as it provides near to real situation.
• It provides complete examples for conceptual thinking.
• It creates an environment of interest for the students.
• It helps to increase the vocabulary of the students.
• It helps teacher to get sometime & make learning permanent.
• It provides direct experience to the students.

3.CLASSIFICATION OF AV AIDS
1.Projected

• Hardware
• OHP
• Film Projector
• LCD Projector
• Software
• Film strips
• Transparencies
• Slides
• CDs
• DVDs

2. Non Projected

• Graphic aids
• Charts
• Posters/Flash cards
• 3-Dimensional aids
• Specimen
• Models
• Display boards
• Black board/White board
• Print materials
• Pamphlets/Leaflets
• Audio aids
• Tape recorder 

4.PRINCIPLES IN THE USE OF AV AIDS

1. PRINCIPLES OF SELECTION:
They should suit the age level, grade level & other characteristics of the learners.
It should be interesting & motivating
2. PRINCIPLES OF PREPARATION:
As for as possible locally available material should be used.
The teachers themselves should prepare some of aids.
3. PRINCIPLES OF HANDLING:
Arrangement of keeping aids safely & also to facilitate their lending to the teachers for use.
4. PRINCIPLES OF PRESENTATION:
Teacher should carefully visualize the use aids before presentation
The aid should be displayed properly.
5. PRINCIPLES OF RESPONSE:
Teacher guide the students to respond activity to the AV stimuli.
6. PRINCIPLES OF EVALUATION:
Continuous evaluation is necessary.



5.IMPORTANCE OF AV AIDS

• MOTIVATION They are potent starters & motivators. Teaching aids motivates the students so they can learn better.
• VIVIDNESS & INTEREST  Through AV aids teachers clarifies the subject matter more easily & stimulate interest among students & hold their attention. It sustains & focuses attention on to the content.
• CONCRETE & VARIETY  They provide a concrete basis for conceptual thinking & provide variety of classroom techniques for effective learning
• DISCOURAGEMENT OF CRAMMING   AV aids can facilitate the proper understanding to the students which discourage the act of cramming. 
• ECONOMIC  They economize the time, effort & materials. It also enhances the efficiency of instruction & makes teaching easier.
• REALISTIC & PROMOTES SCIENTIFIC PAMPER  They give true picture of the object/set up/structure & contribute to the efficiency, depth & variety of learning.
• DISCOURAGEMENT OF CRAMMING   AV aids can facilitate the proper understanding to the students which discourage the act of cramming.
• ECONOMIC  They economize the time, effort & materials. It also enhances the efficiency of instruction & makes teaching easier.
• REALISTIC & PROMOTES SCIENTIFIC PAMPER  They give true picture of the object/set up/structure & contribute to the efficiency, depth & variety of learning.
• AVOID DULLNESS It provides continuity of thoughts in teaching & relieves from boredom by breaking the monotony. It makes classroom more active, lively & participatory.
• DIRECT EXPERIENCE   AV aids provide direct experience to the students which make them learn easily. It makes learning more permanent & realistic.

6.COMMON AV AIDS USED IN TEACHING

• Chalkboard/Blackboard
• Charts
• Model
• OHP
• Flash cards/ Flip cards
• Pamphlets/Leaflets
• Tape recorder
• Posters
• Graphs
• Puppets
• Bulletin Board
• Computers
• LCD

7. CONCLUSION

The educator basically contributes to the training of the individual with a view to his integration into a given society & teaches new ideas, facts & techniques to a specific public.
It is thus relatively easy to define the goals at which educator aims. Achieving these goals is another task which brings him face to face every day with the basic problem of pedagogy-that of transmitting or communicating ideas or information.To solve this problem, the educator resorts to infinitely varied means, among them AV aids.

8. FOR MORE INFORMATION REFER TO PPT.

9. THANK YOU

PPT On Evaluation Methods In Nursing Practice

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Evaluation Methods In Nursing Practice Presentation Transcript

1.INTRODUCTION
The term evaluation is widely used. It is the part of various activities which are planned and implemented systematically.
In nursing it deals with planning of patient care/ family care and problem solving process encountered in the hospital wards and health centers etc.


2.DEFINITION AND MEANING:-

•   The dictionary meaning of evaluation is to assess, to appraise or to find the value of something.
•  Evaluation is the process of ascertaining the worth of something by detailed appraisal or study.
• The judgment involve the use of criteria or standards for appraising worth of anything.
• Evaluation is a value judgment on an observation, performance test or gather any data weather directly measured or to judge from facts or evidence.

3.TYPES OF EVALUATION

1.Formative evaluation

• It is done at intervals during daily nursing practice/ during a professional development program.
• It is used to modify/ improve professional performances.
• Participant are asked for feedback to overall improvement in quality care.

2. Summative evaluation

• It is also known as comprehensive evaluation.
• It is used  to determine the overall effectiveness of a professional development. 
• It is done at the conclusion of program.
• It is carried out at the end and it provides guidelines for modification.

4.PURPOSES OF EVALUATION

• To determine level of knowledge and understanding of nursing professional/ subordinates.
• To assess the need of nursing staff for skill development program/ training.
• To determine the level of clinical performances of nurse clinician at various stages.
• To identify specific difficulties of individual/entire group and accordingly guide them for further teaching learning activities.
• To identify strength and weakness and suggest remedial measures where needed.
• To motivate nursing staff for giving appreciation of their achievements.

5.PRINCIPLES OF EVALUATION:-

• For the success of evaluation program and improvement of quality care/ nursing practices it is essential it is must that evaluator must follow certain principles/ guidelines.
• Evaluation should be planned carefully as it is continuous and cumulative process.
• In nursing practice it should be done with the purpose of identifying their strength and weakness and accordingly help them improve.
• Evaluation should include evaluation of expected outcome of nursing care, aims of nursing practice and teaching learning activities
• Evaluation is a democratic process. It implies involvement of all levels of nursing personel
• Nursing staff are to be evaluated, need to be concerned to discuss about their achievements/ performance and further actions.
• Evaluation should be based on nursing services objectives and objectives should be stated in terms of observable behavior related to knowledge, skills and attitude.
• Evaluation is consistent, the evaluator must know these objectives and should have understanding of what to evaluate? How to evaluate? When and why to evaluate?
• Evaluation is an unbiased process so it should be accurate and reliable.
• Objectivity is the most desirable criteria for evaluation.

6.METHODS OF EVALUATION IN NURSING PRACTICE

• Performance appraisal
• Nursing audit    
• Supervision        
• Nursing rounds/ visit
• Nursing protocol.
• Nursing procedure manual.
• Quality assurance model
• Records and reports: documentation

7.SUPERVISION

• Supervision means overseeing .
• The word “super” means above and “vision” means seeing.
• Thus supervision is a a process of an act of seeing, carried out for achieving certain purposes.
• Supervision provides antenna and lubricating oil that facilitates the operation of the administrative machinery.

8. PURPOSES OF SUPERVISION

• To help the nursing personnel to grow 
• To know themselves and what they need is to render the most efficient service.
• To give them assistance in acquiring knowledge and techniques necessary for self development.

9. OBJECTIVES OF SUPERVISION

• Meeting the predetermined objectives of providing quality nursing care to patient in a hospital and for preventive, promotive and rehabilitative care to people in the community.
• Ensuring that the subordinate staff does what she/he is supposed to do
• Promoting motivation and morale among all the nursing staff.

10. METHODS OF SUPERVISION

1. Direct observation
2. Indirect observation

11. FOR MORE INFORMATION REFER TO PPT

12. THANK YOU

PPT On Integration of Nursing Education With Nursing Services

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 Integration of Nursing Education With Nursing Services Presentation Transcript 

1.INTRODUCTION

It will develop mutual understanding among the group members.
It helps the nurse to develop a skills which also help the patient in interpreting their feelings of distress.
Nurse helps the patient, how he can economies.
Develop team group/collaborative approach for problem solving.
Develop ability in nurse to select the problem solving strategy according to patient’s abilities and life style.
Nursing education brings its particular focus to bear on the need to bridge the theory –practice gap.A theoretical component is essential if a practice based discipline like nursing, is to develop. Nursing only really develops if improvement in patient care become manifest. Patient care require efficient implementation of nursing action. Research can serve as a link between theory and practice. Nurse educators and clinicians must come together to work out conjoint approaches on the matter of mutual professional interest.

2.DEFINITION OF EDUCATION:-

   “Education is not preparation for life;  education is life itself.”
                                                                                                                    -John Dewey
   “Education is an all round drawing out of  the best in the child and man body, mind and spirit.”
                                                                                                                    - Mahatma Gandhi

3.NURSING SERVICES:

   “The nursing services as the part of the total health organization which aims to satisfy major objective of the nursing services is to provide prevention of disease and promotion of health.”
                                                                                                                        WHO expert committee

4.CONSTRAINTS THAT INCREASES THE GAP BETWEEN THEORY –PRACTICE :-

• Faculty
• Students
• Time
• Resources

1. Faculty

• Lack of practical knowledge and experience
• Inadequate knowledge on student psychology
• Poor understanding of students
• Personal attributes, personal qualities and personality
• Failure to recognize importance of correlation
• Inappropriate faculty student ratio

2.Students

•  Lack of prerequisite knowledge and skill
• Stress and anxiety
• Physical and mental illness
• Inability to use equipment and technology
• Poor communication skill
• Resistance to active participation

3. Time Inadequate for activity and debriefing 

4. Resources

• Inadequate clinical facility
• Poor funds
• Poor library facilities and audio visual equipments

5.STRATEGIES TO INTEGRATE TEACHING WITH PRACTICE:

• Problem based learning
• Clinical correlation map
• Clinical studies assignments
• Clinical presentations/case presentations
• Learning diaries
• Concept mapping
• Drama  
• Simulation
•  Reflective learning  
• Inquiry based learning
• Case based teaching method/case study
• Applying social and behavioral signs perspectives to clinical practice

6. OVERCOMING THE PROBLEMS

• Make a list of the main aims of clinical education
• Identify the problems
• Provide rich clinical experience
• Be with the students
• Motivate them in performing appropriate action.
• Model their own thinking process
• Have learners work together
• Collaborate with colleagues
• Use different educational strategies
• Be challenging to the student
• Development of specialization in nursing
• Research in nursing education and practice
• Continuing education program
• Meeting between nurse educators and hospital service nurses.
• Well planned orientation program for all newly recruited nurses

7. BENEFITS OF INTEGRATION

• It promotes the conjoining of the academic nurses and the practice nurses .
• It make a bridge in between the theory and practice gap.
• Correlation increase the value and standards of practice, the use and the management of resources and talents from both sides 
• It help in the development of common set of values and common culture in nursing. 
• Provide confidence 
• Improve quality patient care
• Promotion and rewards in services

8. CONCLUSION
 Integration of nursing education with services is very much important to provide the quality care to the patient .And for this students should practice direct in clinical settings or in laboratories. They should have first hand experience of clinical setting and the uses of advance technology . A teacher should use different types of teaching methods to teach the students so that they learn more and use this knowledge in clinical area.

9. FOR MORE INFORMATION REFER TO PPT.

10. THANK YOU

PPT On Problem Solving as a Teaching Method

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 Problem Solving as a Teaching Method Presentation Transcript

1.OBJECTIVES

• This method helps students to gain the ability to solve the scientific problem, by implementing this in each area of problems
• Whit this method,teachers aim is to raise a youth which can solve problems in scientific way not just creating problems.

2. WHAT IS PROBLEM
A problem is an obstacle or obstruction of some sort to the attainment of an object, a sort of difficulty which dose not enable the individual to reach a goal easily.

3.MEANING OF PROBLEM SOLVING

• Problem solving is an instructional method or technique where by the teacher and pupils attempt in a conscious, planned and purposeful effort to arrive of some explanation or solution to some educationally significant difficulty.
• “Problem solving means engaging in a task for which the solution method is not known in advance.”
• It encompasses exploring, reasoning, strategizing, estimating, conjecturing, testing, explaining, and proving.

4.DEFINITION OF PROBLEM SOLVING
  According to Yokam and Simpson
“A problem occurs in a situation in which a felt difficulty to act is realized. It is a difficulty clearly present and recognized by the thinker. It may be purely mental difficulty or it may be physical and involve the manipulation of data. The individual recognizes it as a challenge”.

5. WHAT IS PROBLEM SOLVING METHOD?
Problem solving is a process to choose and use the effective and benefical tool and behaviours among the different potentialities to reach the target.It contains scientific method,critical thinking,decision making, examining and reflective thinking.

6.NATURE OF THE PROBLEM SOLVING

• Problem – solving presupposes the existence of a problem in the learning – teaching situation.
• It is a method of organization of subject matter in such a way that it can be dealt with through the study of problems.
• Problem grow in complexity as he grow older and older
• Problem is directed by a goal.

7.ESSENTIAL FEATURE OF A PROBLEM
These are-

• The problem should be meaningful, interesting and worthwhile for children.
• It should have correlation with life.
• It should have some correlation with others subjects if possible.
• It should arise out of the real needs of the students.
• The child must  posses some background of the problem which they are going to discuss.
• The problem should be clearly defined.
• The solution of the problem should be found out by the students themselves working under the guidance and supervision of the teacher.

8.MAJOR APPROACHES IN PROBLEM-SOLVING

1. Inductive approach
2. Deductive approach
3. Analytic approach
4. Synthetic approach

1.Inductive approach
It is a method of discovery and therefore, it is a method of teaching.
First particular cases are dealt with and then definition, principles and rules are derived from them.
It leads to knew knowledge.


2. Deductive approach
It is a method of verification and explanation and therefore, it is a method of instruction.
First general definition, principles and rules are stated and particular cases are taken as eg: to prove them.
The child gets ready made information acquired by others.

3. Analytic approach
Analysis means the breaking of the problem
It is the process of unfolding of the problem or conducting its operation to know its hidden aspects.

4. Synthetic approach
Synthesis is to place together things that are apart.
It is the process of putting together known his bits of information to reach the point where unknown information become obvious and true.
 
9.PRINCIPLES OF PROBLEM SOLVING

• Ensure prompt attention
• Separate large to resolve smaller problems
• Follow policies to resolve smaller problems
• Delegate smaller problem to subordinate
• Consult with management for major problem
• Relaxed in approaching problem
• Accept the problem
• Consult with experts

10. WHAT SKILLS DO YOU USE IN PROBLEM SOLVING

• Making judgment
• Analytical skill
• Decision making
• Collecting information
• Planning

 11.MERITS OF PROBLEM SOLVING

• Stimulation of thinking
• Help in reasoning power
• To improve knowledge
• Developing good study habits
• Student learn to be self dependent
• Maintenance of  discipline
• Learning become more interesting
• Develop power of critical judgment 
• It give to variety opinion
• It satisfies curiosity
• It help to learn how to act in a new situation

12.  OBSTACLES IN PROBLEM-SOLVING

• Lack of resources-men, money and material
• Limited time
• Scarce information sources
• Inadequate data
• Personality or attitude of manger to solve the problem
• Stress
• Over-simplification

13.USES OF PROBLEM SOLVING IN NURSING

• Develop ability to analyses the problem and to take proper judgment / solution in the critical condition.
• It helps the students to solve his problem in real life situation without much stress.
• It helps the students to solve the similar problems in future with confidence.
• It develops critical thinking of pupil, by selecting many alternative solutions.
• Develop ability to analyses the problem and to take proper judgment / solution in the critical condition.
• It helps the students to solve his problem in real life situation without much stress.
• It helps the students to solve the similar problems in future with confidence.
• It develops critical thinking of pupil, by selecting many alternative solutions.
• It will develop mutual understanding among the group members.
• It helps the nurse to develop a skills which also help the patient in interpreting their feelings of distress.
• Nurse helps the patient, how he can economies.
• Develop team group/collaborative approach for problem solving.
• Develop ability in nurse to select the problem solving strategy according to patient’s abilities and life style.

 14. FOR MORE INFORMATION REFER TO PPT.

15. THANK YOU

PPT On Importance Of Staff Development

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 Importance Of Staff Development Presentation Transcript

1.INTRODUCTION

• Staff development is the process directed towards the personal and professional growth of nurses and other personnel while they are employed by a health care agency.
• Staff development refers to all training and education provided by an employee to improve the occupational and personal knowledge, skills and attitudes of vested employees.

2. DEFINITION

• According to American nurses association
     “Staff development program  is a term that includes both formal and informal learning, opportunities to assist individuals to perform competently in the fulfillment of role expectations within an agency.
• According to Karen J Kelly “Staff development program is a process that includes both formal and informal activities which are related to the employees role expectation within organizations.

3. NEED FOR STAFF DEVELOPMENT

• To increase the demand of nursing services and improved nursing response capabilities.
• The main purpose of staff development programme for nurses is to provide the opportunity for nurse to continually acquire and implement the knowledge, skills, attitude, ideals and valued essential for the maintenance of high quality of nursing services
• The staff development education include all planned activity recognized by a health acre agency as directed towards meeting the job related learning needs of the nurses and other personnel’s.
• To improve productivity and to assist the nurses to improve her performance.
• Assist each employee to acquire personal and professional abilities.
• To ensure safe and effective patient care by nurses.
• To ensure job satisfactory
• To help employee cope with new practice

4.STEPS OF STAFF DEVELOPMENT

1. Assess the educational needs of all staff members
2. Set priority
3. Develop general objectives for the staff development program
4. Determine the resources needed to reach the desired objectives
5. Develop a master calendar for an entire year
6. Develop and maintain staff development record system
7. Establish files on major educational topics
8.  Regularly evaluate the staff development program

5.TYPES OF STAFF DEVELOPMENT

1. Induction training
2. Job orientation
3. In-service education
4. Continuing education
5. Training for special function

1. Induction training
It is a brief, standardized indoctrination to an agency’s philosophy, purpose, policies and regulations given to each worker during her or his first 2 or 3 days of employment in order to ensure his or her identification with agency’s philosophy, goals and norms.

2. Job orientation 

It is an individualized training program intended to acquaint a newly hired employee with job responsibilities work place, clients and co-workers.The process of creating awareness with an individual of his/her roles, responsibilities and relationships in the new work situation.

3.In-service education
In-service education is a planned learning experience provided by the employing agency for employees.
In service education is a planned educational experience provided in the job setting and closely identified with services in order to help person perform more effectively as a person and as a worker.

4.Continuing education
“Continuing education is all the learning activities that occur after an individual has completed his/her basic education.” (COOPER) 
“The education which builds on previous education.” (SHANON) 

5.Training for special function    This is concerned with developing expert technical or manual skills, communication and helps the personnel to perform their functions effectively.

6. POTENTIAL DIFFICULTIES IN STAFF DEVELOPMENT & TRAINING ACTIVITIES 

• Lack of time
• Inadequate resources at disposal
• Under-funded training budgets
• Conflicting priorities
• Lack of Clarity about what should be done
• Failure to identify, or accept the need.
• Shortfall in training skill or experience
• Fear that trained employee will leave the organization or will be poached by competitor.
• Cynical attitude to Staff development-Not directly measurable. Treated as Cost not investment.   

7. FOR MORE INFORMATION REFER TO PPT.

 8.THANK YOU