PowerPoint Presentation On THERMAL POWER PLANTS

PPT On THERMAL POWER PLANTS
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THERMAL POWER PLANTS Presentation Transcript:

1. DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS OF AIR AND FLUE GAS CIRCUIT
PRIMARY AIR FAN
PA Fan sucks the atmospheric air and sends it to the APH. This hot air goes to the coal mill to provide sensible heat to the powdered coal and a medium to go to the combustion chamber,
Another link from the PA Fan sends
       cooler air so that the temperature
       of hotter air can be controlled.

2. (B) FORCED DRAFT FAN
FD Fan sucks the atmospheric air and sends to the APH.
This hot air enters combustion chamber providing oxygen which is required for combustion process.
(C) INDUCED DRAFT FAN
ID Fan sucks the flue gases and disposes it to the chimney.

3. AIR PREHEATER
The heat carried out with the flue gases coming out of economizer are further utilized for preheating the air before supplying to the combustion chamber.
It is a necessary equipment for supply of hot air for drying the coal in pulverized fuel systems to facilitate grinding and satisfactory combustion of fuel in the furnace
(E) ELECTRO-STATIC PRECIPITATORS
From APH this flue gases (mixed with ash) goes to ESP.
The precipitator has plate banks (A-F) which are insulated from each other between which the flue gases are made to pass. The dust particles are ionized and attracted by charged electrodes.
Hammering is done to the plates 
       so that fly ash comes down and
       collect at the bottom.

4. MAIN CIRCUITS OF COAL BASED THERMAL POWER PLANT
Feed water and steam circuit
Coal and ash circuit
Air and flue gas circuit
Cooling water circuit

5. FEED WATER CIRCUIT AND STEAM CIRCUIT

6.COAL CIRCUIT

7.ASH CIRCUIT

8.AIR AND FLUE GAS CIRCUIT

9.BOILER
A boiler is defined as "a closed vessel in which water or other liquid is heated, steam or vapor is generated, steam is superheated, or any combination thereof, under pressure or vacuum, for use external to itself, by the direct application of energy from the combustion of fuels, from electricity or nuclear energy."

IBR Steam Boilers means any closed vessel exceeding 22.75 liters in capacity and which is used expressively for generating steam under pressure and includes any     mounting or other   fitting attached to such vessel, which is wholly, or partly under pressure when the steam is shut off.

10.TYPES OF BOILING
NUCLEATE BOILING:-
As heat flux increases, the water temperature near the surface increases and reaches saturation temperature , at this point a change from liquid to vapor occurs.
As phase change occurs to vapor, small bubbles are formed and they rise to boiler tubes. This is known as nucleate boiling.

FILM BOILING:-
Beyond nucleate boiling, the bubbles form a film of steam inside heating surface. This is known as film boiling.

Nucleate boiling is used in all power plants because film boiling leads to excess temperature in boiler tubes which can lead to failover of boiler tubes.

The point at which this failover occurs is called DEVIATION FROM NUCLEATE BOILING (DNP)

11.BASIC COMPONENTS OF RANKINE CYCLE

12.WORKING OF RANKINE CYCLE
There are four processes in the Rankine cycle.
Process 1-2: The working fluid is pumped from low to high pressure. As the fluid is a liquid at this stage the pump requires little input energy.
Process 2-3: The high pressure liquid enters a boiler where it is heated at constant pressure by an external heat source to become a dry saturated vapour. The input energy required can be easily calculated using mollier diagram or h-s chart or enthalpy-entropy chart also known as steam tables.
Process 3-4: The dry saturated vapour expands through a turbine, generating power. This decreases the temperature and pressure of the vapour, and some condensation may occur. The output in this process can be easily calculated using the Enthalpy-entropy chart or the steam tables.
Process 4-1: The wet vapour then enters a condenser where it is condensed at a constant temperature to become a saturated liquid.

13. TYPES OF WATER CIRCULATION
NATURAL CIRCULATION:-
In natural circulation boilers, circulation of water depends on the difference between the density of an ascending mixture of hot water and steam and a descending body of relatively cool and steam-free water.
Natural circulation may be free or accelerated.
Natural circulation boilers are of two types: (a) drum type
                                                                                     (b) header type    

FORCED CIRCULATION:-
Forced circulation boilers depend upon pumps, rather than upon natural differences in density, for the circulation of water within the boiler.
Because forced circulation boilers are not limited by the requirements that hot water and steam must be allowed to flow upward while the cooler water flows downward, a great variety of arrangements may be found in forced circulation boilers.

Forced circulation is also known as positive circulation.

14. Thanks.

PowerPoint Presentation On HR SCORE CARD

HR SCORE CARD PPT

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HR SCORE CARD Presentation Transcript:

1. History:
HR Score cards was developed by Robert Kaplan and David Norton they built up on the original “Balanced Score card” theories of Art Schneider man. Kaplan and Norton wrote a couple of papers in the early 1900’s on the subject, following a book in 1996 called “The Balance Scorecard”.

2. Definition:
The HR Scorecard represents that HR measurement systems must be based on a clear understanding of organizational strategy and the capabilities and behaviours of the labour force essential to execute that strategy. As a result, an HR Scorecard is a method for recitation and measuring how people and people managing systems create value in organizations, as well as communicating key organizational objectives to the labour force.

3. Perspectives:
The development of an Hr scorecard must be done with four perspective in mind. These include: -> A financial perspective to address strategies that satisfy customers; -> A customer perspective that asks what customer want ->An internal perspective that addresses the stated desires of customers and designs processes consistent with those desire learning perspective that taken into account . ->Hr employees can implement steps to align hr goals with the overall company mission, vision and business objectives.

4. Implementation:
It has seven step model based on the book. “The Hr Scorecard”. 1st- Hr manager must define the company’s business strategy to employees and define employee roles in achieving that goal. 2nd-Hr departments must take role as a strategic partner with in an organization. 3rd-A strategic map is created to identify the hr departments position in an organization’s chain of command & barriers to its contribution to business success. 4th –Hr deliverables are established for the strategic map that identify changes and potential contributions to overall company success.

5. 5th- The Hr structure is aligned to achieve established deliverables. 6th-A strategic Hr measurement system is designed that provides for moving from traditional measures like turnover and employee satisfaction to more intangible measurable. 7th- Finally, the new measures are implemented and constantly reviewed and modified.

6. Thank You.