PPT On CHROMATOGRAPHY

Download

CHROMATOGRAPHY Presentation Transcript:
1.INTRODUCTION OF CHROMATOGRAPHY

2.What is chromatography?
 Chromatography is a physical method of separation in which the components to be separated are distributed  between two phases, one which is stationary phase and other is mobile phase move in a definite direction.

3.Background of Chromatography
The term “chromatography’’ is derived from Greek, chroma  meaning “color” and  graphein  meaning “to write”
Chromatography is a new technique which was first invested by Mikhail  Tswett, in 1906 in Warsaw.
He was successful in doing the separation Of colored substances by percolating vegetable extract through a column of ca carbonate.
 The Calcium carbonate act as adsorbent and different substances got absorbed to different extent and this give rise to color bands at different position on the column. Tswett termed this system of colored band as the chromatogram and the method as chromatography.

4.Classification of Chromatography

5.Chromatography types are further Subdivided into

6.Column Chromatography
It  was developed by the American petroleum  Chemist D.T Day in 1900
 M.S Tswett , the polish botanist in1906 used adsorption  column in his investigation .
 column chromatography is also known as adsorption chromatography .In  which the solid stationary phase is packed in a tubular column and mobile phase is allowed to flow through the solid .
 the column in which the stationary phase is packed consist of glass or Teflon tube, typically 10 to  50mm in diameter.

7.TYPES OF COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY

8.GENERAL TYPES OF COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
Adsorption chromatography
Gel filtration chromatography
Ion exchange chromatography
Affinity chromatography
Gas chromatography
High performance liquid chromatography

9.TYPES OF COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY ON THE BASIS OF FLOW OF SOLVENT

10. INTRODUCTION
    This is the method employed by Mikhail Tswett in 1906. It is still used commonly in developing countries although the advent of faster more efficient variants has led to a decline in its use in developing countries.

11. DEFINITION
    It is the type of column chromatography in which the mobile liquid is passed by gravity through the column of stationary phase.

12. ADVANTAGES OF GCC
   The advantages of this technique is that it requires little in a way of special equipment and gives good results with a relative low level of experimental expertise. The amount of supervision required is much lesser compare to that from other techniques.

13. INTRODUCTION
    This method is developed by W. C. Stills in 1978, which involves application of positive pressure to the mobile phase solvent from the top of the column.

14. DEFINITION
   Flash column chromatography is a specialized chromatography technique that uses compressed gas (such as nitrogen or air) or a pump to push solvent through the column.

15. APPLICATION OF FCC
  The main application of flash chromatography are:
Purification of synthetic products,
Isolation of target compounds from natural products,
The simplification of mixtures prior to high resolution
    preparative (usually) liquid chromatography
The fractionation of complex mixtures into simpler
     group for analysis.