PPT On CARBOHYDRATE CONTAINING DRUGS

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CARBOHYDRATE CONTAINING DRUGS Presentation Transcript:
1.CARBOHYDRATE CONTAINING DRUGS

2.GUMS AND MUCILAGES

3.ACACIA

4. Acacia is the dried, gummy exudates obtained from the stem and branches of Acacia  Senegal (linne) or other related African species of acacia.
 The word acacia is derived from Greek word akakia, coming from ake, meaning pointed and referring to thorny nature of the plant, Senegal refers to its habitat.

5. FAMILY: leguminoseae
SYNONYMS
   It is commonly known as;
Gum Arabic
Gum acacia
Indian gum

6.GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCE
Acacia plants are thorny trees about 6 meters in height that grow in the Sudan, Srilanka, India, Senegal, Kordofan, Pakistan and Africa.
 About 85% of world supply of gum acacia is from Sudan.

7.COLLECTION AND CULTIVATION
    The trees are tapped by making an incision in the bark and peeling it both above and below the cut, thus exposing an area of cambium.
    In 2 or 3 weeks, the tears of gum formed on this exposed surface are collected, the average annual yield of gum per tree is 900 to 2000 g.
 . The formation of the gum may be caused by bacterial action.

8.   The gum is occasionally bleached and exposed to the sun. Numerous minute cracks often form in the outer portion of the tears during the bleaching process thus giving them a semi opaque appearance.
   Trees begin to bear between 4–18 years of age and are said to yield only when they are in unhealthy state due to poor soil, lack of moisture or damaged.

9.DESCRIPTION
Gum Arabic is odorless
Taste is bland and mucilaginous
Tears are nearly white or pale yellow and somewhat creamish brown to red in color
Tears are  rounded or ovoid in shape
The tears are glossy and marked with minute fissures and are brittle in nature

10.SOLUBILITY
 Soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol.
 The watery solution is viscous and acidic.

11.CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
  Gum acacia contains neutral sugars, acids, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium.
  Its backbone chain consists of D-galactose units, and its side chains are composed of D-glucuronic acid units with l-rhamnose or l-arabinose as end units.
  Its complex structure is still not completely known.

12.TOXICOLOGY
 Acacia is essentially non-toxic when ingested.
 Allergic reactions to the gum and powdered forms of acacia have been reported and include respiratory problems and skin lesions.

13.USES The Egyptians used the material as glue and as a pain reliever.
 It was formerly given intravenously to counter-act low blood pressure after hemorrhages and surgery and to treat edema.

14.Its major use is in foods,
     as suspending or emulsifying agent, stabilizer, adhesive, flavor fixative, and to prevent crystallization of sugar, etc.
Used in practically all categories of processed foods (candy, snack foods, alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, baked goods, frozen dairy desserts, gelatins, puddings, imitation dairy products, breakfast cereals, and fats and oils)

15.PHARMACEUTICAL USES
As a binding agent in making pills and tablets and particularly cough drops and lozenges.
As demulcent for inflammations of the throat or stomach.
As an emulsifying agent and gives viscosity to powdered drug materials.
It is employed as colloidal stabilizer.