PPT On Stages of Stress

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Stages of Stress Presentation Transcript:
1.Stages of stress.

2.In response to stressful events, you can experience one, two or all of the following stages:  

3.Stage 1: Mobilization of Energy
All bodily activity is increased in response to a stressor that is frightening.
This starts the body's ‘fight or flight’ reaction, causing the release of adrenalin. You feel your heart pounding and your palms sweaty. This is called primary stress.

4.When you put yourself into the stressful circumstances it’s called secondary stress.
It’s symptoms include :
increased heart rate and blood pressure, rapid breathing, sweating and decreased digestion rate, creating butterflies and indigestion

5.If there is no escape from Stage 1, the body will begin to release stored sugars and fats, using up its bodily resources and the symptoms of this second stage will be a driven feeling, pressured feeling and tiredness/fatigue, in parallel with anxiety and, sometimes, memory loss.

6.The body's need for energy resources exceeds its ability to produce them. Symptoms include serious illnesses such as:
heart disease,
ulcers,
mental illness,
insomnia,
errors in judgement and personality changes 

PPT On SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Presentation Transcript:
1.SOFTWARE ENGINNERING

2. THE CONSTRUCTIVE COST MODEL
(COCOMO MODEL)

3.OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
OVERVIEW
ARCHITECTURE OF COCOMO MODEL
BASIC CONCEPT OF COCOMO MODEL?
TYPES OF COCOMO MODEL
INTERMEDIATE COCOMO
ADVANTAGE OF COCOMO
DISADVANTAGE OF COCOMO
MULTIPLERS
COST DRIVERS
LIMITATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS OF COCOMO
CONCULSION

4.OVERVIEW
The Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) is an algorithmic software cost estimation model developed by Barry W. Boehm
COCOMO was first published in Boehm's 1981 book Software Engineering Economics[1] as a model for estimating effort, cost, and schedule for software projects

5.ARCHITECTURE OF COCOMO MODEL

6.BASIC CONCEPT OF  COCOMO MODEL
computes software development effort (and cost) as a function of program size. Program size is expressed in estimated thousands of source lines of code (SLOC)
COCOMO applies to three classes of software projects:

7.BASIC COCOMO EQUATION TAKE FORM
Effort Applied (E) = ab(KLOC)bb [ man-months ]
Development Time (D) = cb(Effort Applied)db [months]
People required (P) = Effort Applied / Development Time [count]

8.TYPES OF COCOMO MODEL
Organic projects - "small" teams with "good" experience working with "less than rigid" requirements
Semi-detached projects - "medium" teams with mixed experience working with a mix of rigid and less than rigid requirements
Embedded projects - developed within a set of "tight" constraints. It is also combination of organic and semi-detached projects.(hardware, software, operational, ...)

9.ITERATIONS COCOMO MODEL

10.INTERMEDIATE COCOMO
PRODUCT  ATRIBUTES
HARDWARE  ATRIBUTES
PERSONAL ATRIBUTES
PROJECT ATRIBUTES

11.PRODUCT ATRIBUTES
Required software reliability
Size of application database
Complexity of the product

12.HARDWARE ATRIBUTES
Run-time performance constraints
Memory constraints
Volatility of the virtual machine environment
Required turnabout time

13.PERSONAL ATRIBUTES
Analyst capability
Software engineering capability
Applications experience
Virtual machine experience
Programming language experience

14.PROJECT ATRIBUTES
Use of software tools
Application of software engineering methods
Required development schedule

15.GRAPH

PPT On Renewable Energy in Palestine

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Renewable Energy in Palestine Presentation Transcript:
1.Energy Situation in Palestine
Palestine is considered one of the poorest countries in  terms of energy resources. Energy  resources are either dwindling or non-existent.
- Indigenous energy resources are almost limited to solar  energy for photovoltaic and thermal applications (mainly for water heating), and biomass (wood and agricultural waste) for cooking and heating in rural areas.

2.Palestine Energy Resources
Fossil Fuels and Gas 51%
Electricity 31%
Renewable Energy (thermal) 18%

3.Electricity Situation in Palestine
Electrical Energy represent (31%) of total energy consumed.
- Fully dependent on the IEC (89%).
- 99% of population benefit from electricity.
- High growth of electricity consumption 7%
- High tariff imposed from the IEC compared with neighbor countries
High rate of electricity losses (26%)

4.Renewable Energy in Palestine
The estimated exploitation of renewable resources (thermal) is about 18% of the total current energy consumption in Palestine, which represents 2287 GWh (of the power produced) which will be used in particular in heating and thus, the dependence on renewable energy will reach 25% of the power produced by the year 2020.

5.The Overall strategy for Renewable Energy in Palestine
The Palestinian Energy Authority has prepared a strategy for renewable energy as an important part of the resources matrix, where Palestine needs clean and more secure supply of electrical power. The Palestinian Energy Authority has developed a clear goal for the year 2020 is as follows:
To attain 240 GWh gradually (at least) to generate electricity from different renewable resources which is equivalent to 10% of the power that will be produced locally by 2020, according to the strategic plan of the energy sector.

6.Photovoltaic Project in Jericho
The project is located in Jericho city to supply about 130 houses with electricity, the project is located on a ground with area with 13,000 meter square, including 5000 meter square as extra space to expand the project in the future by increasing the panels, thus increasing the capacity of the station up to 600 kW in the future.

7.Photovoltaic System
Photovoltaic (PV), often called solar cells, are semiconductor devices that convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity. Groups of PV cells are electrically configured into modules and arrays, which can be used to charge batteries, operate motors, and to power any number of electrical loads. With the appropriate power conversion equipment, PV systems can produce alternating current (AC) compatible with any conventional appliances, and operate in parallel with and interconnected to the utility grid.

8.Photovoltaic System Process

9.On Line Diagram for Jericho Project

10.Jericho Project
current Project Capacity : 300 Kw
Daily Electricity Generation : 1200 kWh
Yearly Electricity Generation : 422,000 kWh

11.Jericho Project
The amount of Carbon Dioxide  (Co2 )Saved
290.6 Ton/year

12.Photovoltaic Module

13.Jericho Project Components
Inverter

14.Wiring and Installation
Protection of the System
Monitor Display

15.Monitor Room

PALESTINIAN REMOTE SUSTAINABLE VILLAGES PPT

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PALESTINIAN REMOTE SUSTAINABLE VILLAGES Presentation Transcript:
1.PALESTINIAN REMOTE SUSTAINABLE VILLAGES A Plan for Rehabilitation of Deir-Nitham Village

2.Introduction

3.Project Objectives
   This study aims to study the overall living conditions of the people in remote villages, and finally put an innovative suggestions for better living.
Infrastructural area
Agriculture area
Health area
Education area

4.Deir Nitham Village Background
Palestinian village in Ramallah Governorate located 13.7km northwest of Ramallah City.
Total population in 2007 was 826.

5.Village Needs
Opening and Pavement of Roads.
Building of New Clinics or Health Care Centers.
Rehabilitation of old School.
Establishment of Kindergarten.

6.The Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XQ6W4CuRLrU&feature=youtu.be

7.Infrastructural Area

8.Roads and Transportation
The Current Situation

9.Roads and Transportation
The Current Situation

10.The main problem - Roads
Limitation of people mobility and transportation.
Farmers accessibility to their land.
Barriers in access to schools and hospitals.
Limitation of development of the village (economic and social issues).

11.Economic impact   
Better accessibility to markets inside and outside the village.
Increase employment opportunities.
Encourage additional investments .
Save time and cost
Better and fair competition between suppliers which leads to best prices and more variety of goods.

12.Social impact   
Open minded and cultural exchange between the nearby villages.
Encourage visitors from outside villages and cities.
Enhance the relationships between the village and external environment ( technology , awareness and growth).
More safety through accessibility to the hospitals and police stations.

13.Proposed Solution - Roads
Expansion of the main road for the village.
Safety walls on both sides of the road
Pavement of the existing roads in the village.
Awareness of the residents on how they should behave in the street(Especially the students ).

14.Limitations:
A) Financial issues , so our solution for that is to start
working on fund raising from:
local and int’ NGO’s .
Palestinian Authority.
Local contribution from the livelihood.

15.Limitations:
B) Political issues: Difficulties of getting a permission to do that from the Israeli authority as the village exist in area C, so our proposed solution to facilitate this issue through out:
local and int’ NGO’s  through advocacy
Palestinian Authority through negotiation.