PPT ON POLICY

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Policy Presentation Transcript 

1.INTRODUCTION
Policies and procedures are means for accomplishing goals and objectives. The term policy has been derived from Greek word “Politis” meaning polished, that is to stay clear. Policies should be written and understandable.

2.DEFINITION

• Policies are general statement or understanding which guide or channel thinking in decision making.                                                                                                                                     - Koontz.
• A policy is the statement or general understanding which provides guidance in decision making to members of an organization in respect to any course of action                                                                                                                                                                                  Prasad.L.M.

3. FEATURES OF POLICY

• A Policy provides guidelines to the members of the organization for deciding a course of action and thus restricts their freedom of action.
• Policy limits an area with in a decision is to be made and assure that the decision will be consisted with and contributive to objective.
• Policies are generally expressed in qualitive conditional or general way.
• Policy formation is a function of all managers in the organization because same from the guidelines for future of course action is required at every level.

4.SOURCES OF POLICY

    1. Formulated policy
    2. Implied policy
    3. Imposed policy
    4.Applied policy

1. Formulated policy
It is specified by organization for provide guidelines to its members. This policy flows from higher level to lower level in the organization.

2.  Implied policy
Some times policies may not be clearly stated and the actions of managers particularly at the higher levels provide guidelines for action of lower levels. These actions might institute the policy.

3. Imposed policy
Imposed policy arises from the influence of some outside agencies. Such agencies may be government which provides polices for all public-sector organizations parent organizations overseas in the case of multinational companies operating in a country,  apex company of a business house, or trade association with which a particular organization.

4. Applied Policy
An appealed policy arises from the appeal made by a subordinate manager to his superior for deciding an important case.

5.CRITERIA FOR SOUND POLICY

• Specify more precisely how the decision will come what is to be done, who is to do it, how it is to be done and what is to be finished.
• Established a follow-up mechanism to make sure the decision intended will take place and
• Lead to new strengths which can be used for decisions in future.

6. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND POLICY

• Relationship to organizational Objectives
•  Planned formulation
•  Fair amount of clarity
•  Consistency
•  Balanced
•  Written
• Communication

7.PRINCIPLES

• Policy based on the following principles
• The part practice of an organization and future objectives needs.
• The prevailing practices among sister concern in the neighborhood and through the country in the same industry and international.
• The attitude, ideals and philosophy of the board of directors, top, middle and lower management.
• The knowledge and experience gained from handling day to day personal problems.
• Employee’s suggestion and complaints.
• Collective bargaining programmes.
• State and national legislation.
• Changes in the country’s economy.
• The culture of the plant and its technology.
• Extent of unionism.
• The attitudes and social values of labour.
• The ethical point of view or the social responsibility of an organization towards the public.
• The goal of the organization.
• The development in technology and science.

8. COVERAGE OF PERSONNEL POLICIES

• Policy on Recruitment
• Policy Of Manpower Planning And Development
• policy on term and conditions of employment
• policy on communication with employees

9. FOR MORE INFORMATION REFER TO PPT

10. THANK YOU

PPT ON IMPORTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY

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Importance Of Technology Presentation Transcript

1. INTRODUCTION
Through the twentieth Century technology has increasingly shaped the structure of  our daily lives. Technology  touches every aspect of our work, healthcare systems and educational programs. The decision which are made about technology will have long range
Consequences on quality of services rapidity of change and nature of human lives.

2. DEFINITION OF TECHNOLOGY
  Technology consists of any type of equipment that organization members use in the performance of their work (Samuel c.certo)

3. MEANING OF TECHNOLOGY
          Knowledge, equipment and methods are used in science and industry (Cambridge learner’s  Dictionary)

4.  HISTORY

•   The move into an information society from an industrial society had its beginnings in 1956.The information society is characterized by professional people and communication experts whose responsibilities are to create process distribute and utilize information within the context of their positions.
•  The first successful electronic computer was developed in 1943 and used by crypto analysis experts during World War II.
  The new generation is developing a computer literacy, which will far exceed and educational programs will become less structured in classroom settings as students have greater mobility and freedom to progress at their own pace in working through studies and programs in computers. Technology has been used to reduce pain through electronic devices and lasers.
• Computers are being used to assist in decision-making as it relates to prognosis therapeutic regimens, and nursing care plans.

5.BENEFITS AND COSTS OF TECHNOLOGY

 BENEFITS
  Technology has benefits & Costs. Benefits usually defined as some measure of the ultimate worth or value of a desired outcome. It can be defined as the effect expected or achieved as a result of utilizing technology.Benefits is divided into ‘Tangible’ benefits and intangible benefits.

I) TANGIBLE BENEFITS
    Meaning:

• Tangible benefits are frequently specified in money equivalents. Tangible benefits from technology in health care delivery can be viewed in a number of ways.
• An obvious tangible benefit of technology is the reduction in cost from fewer hospital days than would have been possible without technology. The number of days someone with a chronic illness or disability is kept from working can be decreased by technology and counted in dollar equivalents.
• Evidence of overuse and abuse of health care technology is abundant, The United States spent over 5320 billion on health care in 1982, an increase of about 12 percent over 1982, and triple the 3.9 percent increase in overall consumes price index.
• While the increasing use of technology in medical care has come under sharp attack for its contribution to health care costs, the same has not been true in education. The costs of increased technology in education must be carefully monitored and reviewed against.
• This might one done through using completed assisted instruction or monitoring more students in the clinical area. Instructors might be able to guide a greater number of students by assessing student behavior as student record their activities in the patient’s computerized file.
• Finally, many administrators who have purchased micro computers for research purpose are hoping tangible benefits of such as investment will increase finding for further research and for faculty salaries , which are required for such activities.

ii) INTANGIBLE BENEFITS
     Meaning:

• An intangible benefit refers to aspects of quality or effectiveness.
• The intangible benefits of technology may have greater appeal for most health professionals.
• Information which is entered correctly into patient’s records through the computer.
• Nurses will benefit from the computer, which will suggest nursing care plans according to monitored signs and symptoms.
• Finally it is possible the health professionals staffs, students, and faculty job satisfaction will increase

BENEFITERS:

• Patient
• Physicians
• Nurses
• Other Medical Workers
• Administrative Officer (or) Manager
• Official Workers    

   COSTS:
           There are basically two types of computer with a wide range costs and capabilities.Theses are
(I)Mainframe Computer:
A Mainframe computer is the largest machine costing at least several hundred thousand dollars
The mainframe computer is often used in university settings for managing administrative information systems, research and academic evaluation.

 (ii)Mini Computer

•   A mini computer is a small computer costing some $ 20,000 to 2, 00,000.It may also allow time sharing; but it is less demanding device and usually does not need a special area. Although it has power and capacity than the larger machines, the power at its disposal. Sufficient for a wide range of commercial, educational and scientific application.
•  Software Packages which are easily stored, non breakable, and easily adjusted to one’s situation greatly enhance the potential for utilization.
•  There are additional cost considerations after the initial purchase such as the need for space. Also counting costs for maintaining contracts. Supplies, personnel, and upgrading need to be considered

   6. TECHNOLOGICAL LEVEL OF ADAPTATION

• Technology and out growth of culture, has allowed us to modify and change our surrounding environment and to control many of the stressors that are a natural part of that environment. Unfortunately, modern technology has also created new stressors we must adopt. 
• Health care technology has evolved at a tremendous role over the past decades. As a result, we are making strides in understanding and gaining control over disease. Pain and death.

7. IMPLICATIONS ON COSTS AND BENEFITS

• The major consequence of technology in health care delivery and in the preparation of health professionals cannot be measured meaningfully in only monetary terms.               
• Some hospitals will not need a computerized system for recording patient data because the patient severity of illness does not require extensive records. Some colleges and schools of nursing will not be able to afford microcomputers for research output could not be sufficiently increased by having micro computers.

8. FOR MORE INFORMATION REFER TO PPT.

9. THANK YOU