PPT On Nursing Theories

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 Nursing Theories Presentation Transcript

1.INTRODUCTION
   In looking at the single theory approach to nursing, one can only conclude that this is not feasible. It is not lately that one they will be singled out for development voluntarily. It is highly improbable that only one it will develop significant nursing.

2.THEORIES
   A theory is a set of concept, definition, relationship and assumption that project a systematic view of phenomena.
                                                                  (Beck, M., 1999)






3.NURSING THEORIES
   A nursing theory is a conceptualization of some aspect of nursing communicated for the purpose of describing, explaining, predicting or prescribing nursing care.         
( Karnalc V., 2000)


4. MAJOR CRITERIA’S  

1. Feasibility.
2. Fit
3. Desirability

1. Feasibility-

• Feasibility is the first criteria in the single versus multiple theory.
• Namely it is feasible to support a single theory portion in a discipline already reflecting with multiple theories.
• Through a contemporary, conscious choice by the profession of one emergent theory over all others.
• By some synthesis which incorporation and merges all or most extent theories.
• Through the future emergent of one theory so far superior to others that is acceptance becomes normative.

Choice of one theory over others

• The American nurses association one of the professional organization of nursing would have the most powers in asserting a chosen theory, but it would have little power to prevent publication of alternative theories or to control theory solution by others nursing group.
• At the time in nursing development might agree one theory as superiors to all others fill in the face to facts. Many theory e.g. kings, Levine’s, Rogers, Roy’s and Orem’s.

 A synthetic theory in corp-orating other theory

• To create a third theory which has adoption, as an element is not a synthesis or merges of two previously men tuned meaning for the term.
• It is creation of yet a third concept of adaptation the same is true for all terms. “Borrowed” from others theories and other contexts.
• Theories of really do contain propositions, which are contradictory and cannot be subsumed intelligently under another, broader theory.

Emergence of superior theory

• Pragmatically if a theory is superior it may lead to significant research. In which the application of research leads to marked by better patient result than to lines of research and application which stem from other theories.
• In looking at a single theory approach to nursing one can only conclude that is not feasible. It is not lately that one they will be singled out for development voluntarily.

2.Fit of model to subject matter.
It means the single theory model’s fit the subject matter of nursing. Some disciplines have a single theory that dominates at some given period. But even in these disciplines, theories change overtime.

3.Desirability

•  If nursing possible to make single theory discipline would it be desirable a single theory position.
• It would bring about a premature closure on options for the discipline, judgments to develop any one theory and not to develop other would be based on very little evidence since no single theory has got to be used to develop a significant body of knowledge.

5.PROBLEMS OF MULTIPLE – THEORY APPROACH

1. Nursing service
2. Nursing education
3. Nursing research

1.Nursing service

• One major problem of multiple approaches is that as the theories evolve they will tend to call forth different action on the part of the nurse.
• The nurse should do action in a uniform way, as the theories further develops uniformity of action will erase.
• Nursing service institution having difficulty in choosing theories, whether they have no select their own nursing theories, depending on the fit of the theory to the function of that department.

2.Nursing education problem
    Nursing education will have their own problem in a multiple theory system. First theory presents itself in three ways.

• As a subject matter
• As a accepted discipline model
• As interacting with educational theory in a curriculum model
•  If one theory or model considering as an underlying the curriculum while still introducing the student to alternative theories of nursing with in that curriculum since theory potentially affects curriculum in separate ways as content, as discipline model, as component of a curriculum model, the faculty role is a complex one. To work effectively with a single theory require sophistication, to success fully communicate multiple theory requires even greater expertise.

3.Research problems

• Both education practitioners will have to develop a clears understanding of the relationship of theory to research.
• It multiple theory approach is to be used in nursing. Factor to recognize that the research questions asked, the data sought and the conclusions drawn were inherent to a factual theory prevent the development of effective nursing theory indeed this failure is accomplished in the search of many nurse for a unique separate body of knowledge, each theory should built its own body of knowledge.

6. ADVANTAGE OF MULTIPLE – THEORY APPROACH

• Allowing full scope to the in hornet potential of the discipline.
• To more theories that are developed the more opportunities for identifying significant and pragmatically effective approach in nursing.

7.  DISADVANTAGE OF MULTIPLE – THEORY APPROACH

• It is the imposition of an intellectual complex structure upon a profession/discipline previously with an anti – intellectual philosophy.

8. FOR MORE INFORMATION REFER TO THE PPT

9. THANK YOU

PPT On Legislative Issues In Nursing

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 Legislative Issues In Nursing Presentation Transcript

 1. INTRODUCTION
           In today’s complex world, with advancing technologies and an array of societal problems legal issues are important aspects of life. For nurses in practice within the current health care system, knowledge of basic legal concepts is vital.

2.DEFINITIONS

•    Legislation -Legislative bodies exist into enact legislation. The legislative process is a series of steps that a legislative body takes to evaluate, amend and vote on proposed legislation.
•    Issues    -To promote or sent out. In a lawsuit, a disputed pointed of law or question of fact set forth in the pleading that is alleged by one party and denied by the other.
•    Law - The law constituents’ body of principles recognized or enforced by public and regular tribunals has the administration place.
•  Civil law- Civil law protects the right of individuals with in our society and encourages fair and equitable treatment among people.
•  Criminal law -Criminal law prevents harm to society and provides punishment for crones

3.   LEGAL LIMITS OF NURSING

• Standard of care
• Registration
• Nursing council acts.
• Rules and regulations
• Standard operating procedure
• Student nurses

4. LEGAL LIABILITY IN NURSING

1.    Invasion of privacy
2.    Illegal detention
3.    Torts
4.    Unintentional torts
5.    Intentional tort

  1. Invasion of privacy
           The 4th amendment of the U.S. constitution protects every citizen’s right to privacy. Disclosing confidential information to an inappropriate third party or to unauthorized person such as a member of the press or the client’s employer subjects the nurse to a possible slander change or liability.

 2. Illegal detention
           Prevention of movement or unjustified retention of a person without consent may be false imprisonment. Nurses must use restrains carefully and under the approval of a physician. A patient can not be forced to remain in the hospital against his will.

3.Torts
     A tort is a civil wring for which remedy is a common law action for damage that are liquidated and which is not exclusively the breach of contract or trust or a more equitable obligation.
Act of omission   In order to make a person liable for a tort, he must have done some act which he is not expected to must have failed to do his duties.

4.Unintentional torts
1. Negligence/malpractice
        It is an act of omission i.e. neglecting to a something that a reasonably prudent person would do or doing something that he would not do that complaints should contain the following 4 distinct elements
A statement that the defendant has the duty to perform in a certain manner.
An allegation that there was a breath of that duty.
A statement of proximate cause proved by the court
A demand for compensation the cover damages.
   In a malpractice law suit, against a nurse, the following criteria must be established.

• The nurse owed a duty to the client.
• The nurse did not carry out that duty.
• The client was injured.
• The client’s injury was the result of the nurse’s failure carryout the duty properly.

5.Intentional tort

• Assault and battery- Assault is the threat touching another person without his or her consent. Battery is the actual carrying out of such a threat; battery is any intentional touching of another’s body.
• Defamation of character -This includes false communication or communication resulting in injury to a person’s reputation by means of print, by speech. The important issues in a claim of defamation of character are whether harm is done to the reputation of plan off
•  Fraud- It is the willful, purposeful and misrepresentative of self or an act that may cause harm to a person or property.

5. LEGAL CONCEPTS AND THE NURSE CLIENT RELATIONSHIP

• Informed consent
• Death and dying
• Handling of bodies
• Autopsy
• Organ donation
• Short staffing
• Legal safe guards and nursing practice
• Living wills

6.LEGAL ISSUES IN SPECIALTY PRACTICE AREA

• Perinatal nursing
• Pediatric nursing
• Medical surgical nursing
• Critical care unit
• Non – discrimination
• Psychiatric nursing

7.LAWS APPLICABLE TO NURSING PRACTICE

• The right to refuse to treat a patient except in an emergency situation.
• The right to sue for fees.
• The right to add little or descriptions to the name.
• Unregistered practitioners are not allowed to hold appointments in public or local hospitals.
• Fundamental duties.

8.FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

• To exercise a reasonable degree of skill and knowledge in treating patients.
• A practitioner must given personnel attention to her/his cases and answer calls with reasonable.
• Children must be protected from harming themselves.
• The Indian penal code states that poisonous drug be kept in separate containers properly labeled marked.

9. COMMON LEGAL HAZARDS IN NURSING
           Many hazards can be found in the environment of the institution such as slippery floor, faculty, equipment and electric writing absence of bedside rails when required, presence of inflammable substance, inadequate protection from stray animals inadequate lighting etc.

10. FOR MORE INFORMATION REFER TO PPT.

11. THANK YOU