PPT On Guidance And Counseling in nursing

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Guidance & Counseling in nursing Presentation Transcript

1. INTRODUCTION

• Everyone in the universe do come across some problem or other irrespective of their age, sex, occupation and profession.
• For this, from time immemorial man has been taking help of elders, parents, friends and teachers in solving their problems.
•  People have been taking advice to resolve their problems yet expertise of giving this advice has been missing. e.g. most of the teacher has a high standard of pupil care but they have little talent and attitude of counselor.
• It requires special knowledge and attitude to recognize the problem and help an individual.

2. COUNSELING

“Counseling is the helping relationship, that includes some one seeking help, some one willing to give help who is capable or trained to help, in a setting that permits help to be given and received .”
                      - Cormier & Hackney, 1987.
“Counseling is an accepting, trusting and safe relationship in which clients learn to discuss freely what upsets them, to define their goals, to acquire the essential social skills and to develop the courage and  self- confidence to implement desired new behavior.”
                  -Vedanayagam, 1988.

According to the American Counseling Association, counseling is:
“The application of mental health, psychological or human development principles, through cognitive, affective, behavioural or systemic interventions, strategies that address wellness, personal growth, or career development, as well as pathology.”

3. GUIDANCE
“Guidance is a process of helping people make important choices that affect their lives, such as choosing a preferred lifestyle”

4.GUIDANCE & COUNSELING – INTERRELATED BUT DIFFERENT
Guidance and Counseling are closely related to each other. Although information is given in both the processes, the two are not the same as explained below:

• Guidance is preventive, whereas counseling is curative.
• Guidance may be given in any normal set up whereas counseling require a special set up to conduct interview.
• Guidance is an integral part of education and assists it in fulfilling it’s aim whereas counseling is needed in all the fields.
• In guidance decision making operates at intellectual level, whereas counseling operates at emotional level.

5. GOALS OF COUNSELING

• Goals within counseling help to set the tone and direction one travel’s with their client. 
• Without goals, the sessions will wander aimlessly. 
• Goals are mutually agreed on by the client and counselor.
• Goals are specific.
• Goals are relevant to behavior.
• Goals are achievement & success oriented.
• Goals are quantifiable & measurable.
• Goals are behavioral & observable.
• Goals are understandable & can be re-stated clearly.  

6.PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING

• Each client must be accepted as an individual and dealt with as such (the counselor does not necessarily approve of all behavior, but still accepts the client as a person).
• Counseling is basically a permissive relationship; that is, the individual has permission to say what they please without being reprimanded or judged.
• Counseling emphasizes thinking with; not for the individual.
• All decision-making rests with the client .
• Counseling is centered on the difficulties of the client.
• Counseling is a learning situation which eventually results in a behavioral change.
• Effectiveness in counseling depends largely on the readiness of the client to make changes and the therapeutic relationship with the counselor.
• The counseling relationship is confidential.

7. FACTORS INFLUENCING COUNSELING

The counseling process is influenced by several characteristics that help it become a productive time for the client & counselor.  Not all characteristics apply to all situations, but generally, the following help bring about positive results.Factors are

• Structure
• Physical Setting
• Client Qualities
• Counselor Qualities

8.COUNSELING SKILLS
A good counselor concentrates on client’s attitude and emotions    he builds good  relationship with the client & gathers information.For all  these he needs good counselor skills, as given below:

• Active attending or Listening
• Reflection of Feelings
• Questioning
• ParaphrasingInterpretation
• Repeating
• Summarizing
• Confrontation
• Respecting
• Structuring or prioritization
• Interpretation
• Repeating
• Summarizing
• Confrontation
• Respecting
• Structuring or prioritization

9. TOOLS FOR COUNSELING
There are several important tools which a counselor needs to develop during the  clinical sequence of the counselor training program.

• Empathy
• Leading
• Responding Styles
• Self Disclosure
• Immediacy
• Humor
• Confrontation

10. APPROACHES TO COUNSELING

• Directive Counseling:   In this counselor uses a verity of techniques to suggest appropriate solution to the problem of the client. Counselor directs the client but does not force him.
• Non- Directive Counseling  In this the client is guided to use his own inner resources to solve the problem. This is client centered approach. Counselor does not play the role of big brother as in case of directive counseling.
• Eclectic Counseling  Eclectism means selection and orderly combination of  best features  from diverse sources.This is based on the fact that all individuals differ from one other & their problems also differ. So, no single approach can be applied to each & every problem
• Group Counseling  group counseling is technique where a group of persons is given counseling by Appling group interaction method for the purpose of  arriving at a solution to the problem of the group. 

11. STAGES OF COUNSELING

Stage One    : Establishing relationship
           
Stage Two   : Assessment

Stage Three : Setting goals
            
Stage Four  : Interventions

Stage Five   : Termination & follow up

12. FOR MORE DETAILS PLEASE REFER TO PPT.

13. THANK YOU