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Management of Hypertension Presentation Transcript:
1.Management of hypertension
2.What is hypertension?
The heart pumps blood to various parts of the body
As blood passes through the blood vessels or arteries it pushes against the walls of the arteries. This is called blood pressure.
Sometimes, due to certain causes, this pressure remains high for a sustained period causing what is called hypertension or high blood pressure
Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the normal adult blood pressure is 120 mm Hg when the heart beats (systolic) and 80 mm Hg when the heart relaxes (diastolic).
Anything above 120mm Hg and 90 mm Hg is high blood pressure
3. The exact cause is not known yet but the conditions which are highly associated with hypertension are
Genetics, stress & aging
Smoking, alcohol & tobacco consumption
Obesity, Diabetes, adrenal and thyroid problems or tumors & chronic kidney disease
Sedentary lifestyle & physical inactivity
High levels of salt intake & low levels of calcium, potassium, and magnesium intake; Vitamin D deficiency
Certain drugs
4.How to manage high BP?
High blood pressure may be managed by altering the following
Food
Habits
Lifestyle
5.Whole grain foods (like oatmeal)
Fruits - Blue berries, bananas, apricots
Flax and pumpkin seeds
Vegetables - Potatoes (not fried), Broccoli, Garlic
Cashew nuts (a small serving)
Oily fish
Honey, skimmed milk & dark chocolate
Salt
Pickles
Canned food
Processed foods
Bakery products and confectionaries
Fatty food
Soft drinks
6.Habits
It is mandatory to avoid the following bad habits to maintain blood pressure at a reasonable range
Smoking
Alcohol
Tobacco
7.Lifestyle changes
Exercise
Yoga
Meditation
Losing weight combining physical activity and diet
Healthy choice of food & drinks
Reducing salt intake in all forms
Regular monitoring
Reducing stressful work
8.Currently available conventional drugs to treat hypertension
Diuretics or water pills (helps excrete salt and water from the body)
Beta-blockers (works on the heart and reduces its workload, output of blood and rate)
ACE inhibitors (reduces production of angiotensin, which narrows the arteries)
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (blocks the effects of angiotensin by blocking the binding of angiotensin to its receptor)
Calcium channel blockers (It blocks the calcium (forcefully contracts the heart) from entering the smooth muscle cells of the heart)
9.Alpha blockers (works on the resistance of the arteries, relaxing them)
Alpha-2 receptor agonist (decreases the sympathetic portion activity of involuntary nervous system)
Combined alpha and beta blockers
Central agonists (reduces blood pressure through a different nerve pathway than the alpha and beta-blockers)
Peripheral adrenergic inhibitors (works on the brain neurotransmitters reducing signals which command to constrict)
Blood vessel dilators or vasodilators (relaxes or widens the blood vessel walls)
10.Alternative medicine for hypertension
Yoga, Tai chi & Qigong
These are proven techniques, used in the management of hypertension, which enhances breathing and posture
11.Meditation & Relaxation
Meditation calms the body and soul and relaxation techniques such as massaging relieves stress
12.Acupuncture
A traditional Chinese technique which acts on the heart meridian to lower blood pressure
13.Herbs & spices
Different systems of medicine such as Ayurveda and Siddha use medicinal herbs to treat hypertension
Snakeroot, ginseng, hawthorn and licorice are some of the herbs used
Few of the spices are Cinnamon, garlic, oregano, cardamom and olives
14.Nutritional supplements
The following nutrients when taken in small amounts has helped in management of high blood pressure
Vitamins E, C & B complex
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Zinc
CoenzymeQ-10
Cocoa
Omega 3 – fatty acids &
Fish oil
15.Spirituality
Spirituality is an essential dimension in the treatment of hypertension
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