PPT On SENTENCE FRAGMENTS

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SENTENCE FRAGMENTS Presentation Transcript:
1.GROUP MEMBERS
MUHAMMAD WAQAS
SEHAR EHSAN
MUHAMMAD FOUQAN
FAIZA ARIF
MUHAMMAD TAYYAB

2.SENTENCE FRAGMENTS

3.Sentences
 A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.
 A sentence stands alone and makes sense.
 A sentence starts with a capital letter and ends with and end mark.

4.Sentences
Examples
The man runs.
He goes to school.
 I am ready to do my school work.
 I am doing my studies.

5.Fragments
 A fragment is a part of something.
 In grammar, a fragment is a part of a sentence.
 A fragment does not stand alone, and it does not make sense.

6.Examples
 …a blue purse…
 Because the car was in parking.(what did he do?)
 I ready to do my school work.
 Having enjoyed spring break.

7.Difference b/w Sentence & Fragment
Sentences
Group of words, express complete thought.
Stands alone.
Alone make complete sense.
Has its own subject and predicate
Fragments
Are incomplete thought.
Does not stand alone.
Alone can not make complete thought.
May be missing subject or predicate and may not have both of these.
Part of sentence.

8.Types of Fragments
The most common types of fragments are
 Dependant-word fragments
 -Ing fragments
 To fragments
 Added-detail fragments
 Missing-subject fragments

9.Dependent-Word Fragments
Some word groups that begin with a dependent word are fragments. Here is a list of common dependent words…
After, although, though, as, because, before, even though, how, if, even if, in order that, since, that, so that, unless, until, what, whatever, when, whenever, where, wherever, whether, which, whichever, while, who, whoever, whose.
Whenever you start a sentence with a dependent word, be careful a fragment does not result.

10.Ex. After I learned the price of new cars. I decided to keep my old pickup.
A dependent statement cannot stand alone. It depends on another statement to complete the thought.
Ex. After I learned the price of new cars, I decided to keep my old pickup.
Dependent statements by themselves are fragments. Attach the dependent sentence to the sentence to come before or after to correct this.

11.-Ing Fragments
When an –ing word is at or near the start of a word group, a fragment may result.
Example
Ex. I spent two hours on the phone. Trying to find a shop.
To correct, attach the –ing fragment to the sentence that comes before or after (whichever makes sense).
Ex. I spent two hours on the phone, trying to find a shop.
Or, add a subject & change the –ing verb to the correct form.
Or, change the verb to the correct form.

12.To Fragments
When to appears at or near the beginning of a word group, a fragment may result.
Example
Ex. I plan on working overtime. To finish the job.
To correct, add the fragment to the preceding sentence.
Ex. I plan on working overtime to finish the job.

13.Missing-Subject Fragments
Sometimes a word group is missing a subject because the writer thinks the subject from one sentence will apply to the next.
Example
Ex. The car swerved. But missed the telephone pole.
To correct, attach the fragment to the preceding sentence.
Or, add a subject (which can be a pronoun standing for the subject in the preceding sentence).
Ex. The car swerved. It missed the telephone pole.

14.Added-Detail Fragment
Added-detail fragments often lack a subject and a verb.
They often begin with one of the following words: also, especially, except, for example, including, such as.
Example
Ex. I love to eat Italian food. Especially spaghetti and lasagna.
To correct, attach the fragment to the preceding sentence.
Or, add a subject and verb to the fragment.
Or, change words as necessary to combine the fragment to a sentence.

15.How to avoid sentence fragments?
Rules/Instructions
When you start a sentence with because, put a comma-not a period-in the middle.
Connect added through phrases to the main clause with a comma-never a period!
Connect ING phrases to the main clause with a comma never a period!