PPT On Biosensor
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Biosensor Presentation Transcript:
1. Introduction /DefinitionA biosensor is a device for the detection of an analyte that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector component. OR A biosensor is an analytical devices which employs a biological material to specifically interact with an analyte.
2. Biosensor consists of 3 parts:-
Sensitive biological element & analyte. Transducer or the detector element. Electronic or signal processor / Amplifier.
3. Components of biosensor:-
Analyte. Biological material. Transducer. Amplifier. LED screen/ PC.
4. Sensitive biological element:-
Biological material a biologically derived material or can be created by biological engineering. Biological material is like tissue, cell receptor, enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acid etc. The biological component of biosensor performs the following two key function - It specifically recognizes the analyte . Interacts with it in such a manner , which produces some physical change detectable by the transducer.
5. Transducer or the detector element:-
The biological component interacts specifically to the analyte, which produced a physical change close to the transducer surface. Transducer detects & measures this change and converts it into an electrical signal. Transducer work in a physicochemical way, optical way, piezoelectric way, electrochemical way etc.
6. Analyte:-
An analyte is a compound whose concentration is to be determined by the biosensor. The nature of interaction between the analyte and the biological material used, the biosensor may be of two types – The analyte may be converted into a new chemical molecule , such biosensor are called CATALYTIC BIOSENSOR. The analyte may simply bind to the biological material, these biosensor are known as AFFINITY BIOSENSOR.
7. Immobilization of Biological element:-
A biosensor makes use of a biological molecule (an enzyme ) that is immobilized to detect an analyte. The immobilization permits repeated use of the costly biological molecule.
8. Working principle of biosensor:-
The biosensor convert a chemical information flow, into an electrical information flow, which involves the following steps - 1.The analyte diffuses from the solution to the surface of the biosensor. 2.The analyte react specifically & efficiently with the biological component of the biosensor. 3.This reaction change the physicochemical properties of the transducer surface. 4.This leads to a change in the optical/electronic properties of the transducer surface. 5.The change in optical/electronic properties is measured/ converted into electrical signal, which is amplified, processed and displayed.
9. Features of biosensor:-
A successful biosensor must have at least some of the following features – Highly specific for analyte. Independent of factors like stirring, pH, temp., etc. Linear response, tiny and biocompatible. Cheap, easy to use & durable/repeated use. Cost is lower than that of conventional tests. Require small sample volume. Rapid, accurate, stable, & sterilizable.
10. For more please refer our PPT. Thanks.
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