PowerPoint Presentations

Monday, May 30, 2011

Top 10 Most Beautiful Bollywood Actress

Top 10 Most Beautiful Bollywood Actress PPT

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PowerPoint Presentation On Mahendra Singh Dhoni

PPT On Mahendra Singh Dhoni

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Friday, May 27, 2011

Bollywood Actors Then And Now

PPT On Bollywood Actors Then And Now

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Description:

In this PPT you see how these bollywood Actors changed over the years.
1. Aamir Khan: Mr. Perfectionist
2. Akshay Kumar
3. Shahrukh Khan
4. Sanjay Dutt
5. Sunil Shetty
6. Sunny Deol
7. Hrithik Roshan
8. Salman Khan
9. Amitabh Bachchan
10.Thanks

Wednesday, May 25, 2011

PowerPoint Presentation On Top 10 Hollywood Actors

PPT On Top 10 Hollywood Actors

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Tuesday, May 24, 2011

PowerPoint Presentation On Duplicates Of Bollywood Stars

PPT On Duplicates Of Bollywood Stars

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Saturday, May 21, 2011

All Time Hit Miss India Winners

All Time Hit Miss India Winners PPT

Description:

1. Leela Naidu: She won the miss India title in 1954. She is also in most beautiful women list.

2. Rita Faria: She is the first Indian women who won the miss world crown in 1966.

3. Zeenat Aman: She is second runner up in the miss India contest. She gain lot of success in her career.

4. Juhi Chawla: Winner of the miss India contest 1984. She is a successful Bollywood actress.

5. Madhu Sapre: Most Iconic and bold model of India.

6. Sushmita Sen: She won the miss universe title in 1994.

7. Aishwarya Rai: She is the winner of miss world. She is the most beautiful women of the world.

8. Diana Hayden: She is the winner of miss India, Miss World, Miss Photogenic, Miss beachwear.

9. Lara Dutta: winner of miss universe.

10. Priyanka Chopra: She is the last Indian who won the miss world title.

11. Neha Dhupia: She had good career in Bollywood.

12. Sayali Bhagat: Most Charming Girl.

Friday, May 20, 2011

PowerPoint Presentation On Hyundai Motors

PPT On Hyundai Motors

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Description:

1. AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
In India there are 100 people per vehicle, while this figure is 82 in China. It is expected that Indian automobile industry will achieve mass motorization status by 2014.

India is the fourth largest car market in Asia - recently crossed the 1 million mark.

Unlike the USA, the Indian passenger vehicle market is dominated by cars (79%).

The first automobile in India rolled in 1897 in Bombay.

India is being recognized as potential emerging auto market.

Foreign players are adding to their investments in Indian auto industry.

2. HYUNDAI MOTORS
Hyundai Motor Company dates to April 1946 when founder, Ju-Yung Chung established Hyundai Auto Service in Seoul, South Korea.

Hyundai Motor Company was founded by Ju-Yung Chung and younger brother Se-Yung Chung in December 1967.

The name Hyundai was chosen for its meaning which in English translates to “modern.

3. HYUNDAI MOTORS
The second largest car manufacturer and the largest passenger car exporter from India.

HMIL presently markets 33 variants of passenger cars across segments.

Hyundai has one of the most advanced research and development facilities that focus on state of the art product and design engineering and rigorous quality enhancement.

4. OBJECTIVE

The company aims to achieve sustainable,
profitable growth through the development of
superior products, and customer-relevant
technologies. The company’s top priority is
achieving global competitiveness in an
increasingly global environment.

5. MODELS OF HYUNDAI
HYUNDAI ACCENT.

HYUNDAI SANTRO XING.

HYUNDAI SONATA EMBERA.

HYUNDAI TERRACAN.

HYUNDAI TUCSON.

HYUNDAI VERNA.

HYUNDAI GETZ.

HYUNDAI ELANTRA.

6. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS
STRENGTH
. STRONG FINANCIAL POSITION.
. STRONG BRAND IMAGE.
. PRODUCT INNOVATION.
. THE QUALITY ADVANTAGE.
. QUALITY SERVICE ACROSS 1036 CITIES.

WEAKNESS
.UNAFFORDABLE FOR MIDDLE CLASS.
. COMMODITY PRICE RISK.
. EXCHANGE RATE RISK.

7. NEW INSIGHTS
After making a foothold in the urban and semi-urban areas, Hyundai Motors now desires to grasp India's rural markets which are untapped by small car manufacturers so far.

HMIL has entered into retail partnership with several Indian financial institutions like HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Mahindra Finance, Punjab National Bank and Sundaram Finance.

HMIL has strategic tie ups with Syndicate Bank, Bank of India, Punjab National bank, Canara Bank, Bank of Baroda and Corporation Bank.

8. AWARDS
Hyundai wins the DHL-CNBC
Tv18 International Trade
Awards 2008-09.

Hyundai Motor wins the
‘Manufacturer of the Year’
award at the NDTV Profit
Car & Bike Awards 2009.

Indian Car Of The Year
2008.

Compact Car of the Year.

9. Car of the Year 2008 .
Small Car of the Year
2008.
Aaj Tak Viewers
Choice Award.
JD Power Asia Pacific
Initial Quality Study
(IQS).

10. Thanks

PowerPoint Presentation On TATA NANO v/s MARUTI 800

PPT On TATA NANO v/s MARUTI 800

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Description:

1. INDIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
In India there are 100 people per vehicle, while this figure is 82 in China. It is expected that Indian automobile industry will achieve mass motorization status by 2014.

2. INDIAN AUTOMOBILE COMPANY
India is the 11th largest Passenger Cars producing
countries in the world and 4th largest inHeavy Trucks.

3. Distribution
So far we know TATA, it’s business has been extended to the overseas i.e. to the Europe, Africa, U.S & Australia.

Hence it has n-number of showrooms in India & outside of India.

The exclusive showrooms are the best distribution channels for TATA itself.

4. Idea generation
“I saw families riding around on scooters with kids standing up and the mother carrying a baby and sitting pillion and decided to do something about it. It started as a quest for an affordable transportation solution”.
RATAN TATA
source:- Business standard

5. Why the name Nano?
Nano stands for superior technology and small in size. This is what this car depicts and hence the name Nano.

6. For More Please Refer Our PPT. Thanks.

Thursday, May 19, 2011

PowerPoint Presentation On Sony Ericsson

PPT On Sony Ericsson

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Description:

1. Objective of the study
The main objective of this study is that through this study I can learn the behavior of the customer.

this study is also beneficial for company because in this research the main focus on customer satisfaction of Sony mobile so through this research company can get information about the customer test and what customer want

2. Mobile industry in India
India's galloping wireless industry, the world's fastest growing major mobile market.
India now has more than 200 million mobile phone users.
Emerging Rural Mobile Market in India.
our average ARPU remains one of the lowest in the world As per the latest performance reports from TRAI, all India blended ARPU for GSM at the end of the latest quarter was Rs 261 while that for CDMA was Rs. 176 .

3. SONY Ericsson
Mission
Our mission is to establish Sony Ericsson as the most attractive and innovative global brand in the mobile handset industry.

Sustainability
We care about people and the environment.

Ethics
Respect and responsibility.

Corporate code

Supplier social responsibility code

4. Sony Ericsson signed The Copenhegen Communique
Unplug the charger
Our commitment
In 2009, Sony Ericsson reformatted the company’s climate related goals from intensity based to absolute.
By 2015 reduce the total greenhouse gas emissions from the full life cycle of Sony Ericsson’s products by 15% (based on 2008 year levels) By 2015 reduce the total greenhouse gas emissions from Sony Ericsson’s internal activities by 20% (based on 2008 year levels)
Our performance
Between 2007 and 2008, we managed to reduce the total greenhouse gas emissions from a total of 64 426 057 kg CO2 equivalents* in 2007 to a total of 57 390 998 kg CO2 equivalents in 2008. A large part of this reduction was due to reduced business travel.

5. Major Findings
youths use largely mobile phone approximately 50%

most customer influence to the brand of the product then quality influence to customer and Service comes in end of the important factors.

Recently most customer like multimedia mobile set .

largest customer group Refers Nokia mobile then customer like Sony Ericsson.

6. SWOT Analysis
Strength –
Sony come on 2nd position in sale of the product.
Quality of the Sony Ericsson is Good
Sony Ericsson sound is good.
Best picture quality
Sony Ericsson camera is also good.
Sony corporation is the branded company in electronic product.

Weakness:-
High price is one of the weakness.
Poor Battery
Display screen is poor
Complex function
Most of the customers are loyal

7. Opportunity:-

36% customer not loyal if Sony provide good Quality then there existing provider it is golden chance for growth.
If Customer change their mobile then most of the customer purchase the Sony.

Threat:-

the main threat is improve the brand comparison with Nokia.
Very hard to Change the customer loyalty.

8. Conclusions
Maximum peoples in India come from middle income class so most of them consider the price as a prime factor while they purchase a mobile phone. They get maximum satisfaction when they buy it on reasonable price.
Since the maximum purchase is made by the youth, they prefer the multimedia handset than the simple model so there is a greater scope for the multimedia handsets.
Customer perceives Sony Ericsson as a second most reliable brand in india so there is a great opportunity exists to increase the market shares.

9. Thanks

PowerPoint Presentation On Small And Medium Enterprises

Small And Medium Enterprises PPT

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PowerPoint Presentation On Social Networking

PPT On Social Networking

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Description:

1. What is Online Social Networking?
From a conceptual standpoint, online social networking is no different than traditional networking and socializing. You meet people and get to know them by sharing information about each other. Those you like and/or share interests with become part of your "network." The marketing magic kicks in when those in your network start talking about you. Your reputation spreads by word-of-mouth. The Internet and related technology have taken networking to the next level, expanding each individual’s reach and exposure through online marketing. Where traditionally people gather in person to network ― at the same time and place as others ― members of online networking groups are not limited by time or geography. Each group member can interact 24/7 from any location worldwide. Consequently, online networking techniques are very different from in-person networking.

2. Use of Social Networking sites in Marketing & Management
Social networking online is one of today’s hottest trends. Many, however, wonder how social networking can help their careers or businesses and exactly how to get started with this online marketing technique.

Social networking sites have become so popular because of following characteristics :-

Social sites are evolving in nature, they change from day to day thanks to the contributions of it’s members – this is why they are so successful. As the platform evolves constantly, so should you approach to using this medium!

3. How To Interact Through Social Networking
Ways to interact are numerous. The first order of business is to decide what your marketing goals are with respect to social networking. While "finding new friends" is a sufficient personal reason for social networking, business marketing goals need to be more specific. Are you an individual looking for a job or freelance work? Do you want to gain exposure for your product, brand or company? Are you looking for potential employees or contractors? Do you want to get prospects interested enough to visit your Website or contact you? Your goals will dictate what you put on your profile and social networking home page, as well as who you look for to become part of your network.
After you’ve decided on your purpose for online networking, choose which social networking Website(s) you will participate in.

4. Where to Network Online
You can find a comprehensive list of social networking sites here, I am familiar with those listed below. They will give you an idea of the range of opportunities you will find at social networking Websites:
Yahoo! 360 (360.yahoo.com): Yahoo!'s social networking site is in beta as of this writing. The unique feature here is your Yahoo! 360 space is cross-promoted with other Yahoo! products, such as with your reviews on Yahoo! Local and your Yahoo! Groups. Like many social networking sites, you can also host a blog on the server.
MySpace (myspace.com): This is the mother of social networking sites. Originally dominated by teens, there are reports of the "graying of myspace" as older people and businesses are also networking on the site. It may be worth your while to spend some time there to see if your target customers hang out there.
LinkedIn (linkedin.com): LinkedIn is excellent for professional, career-related online marketing because it focuses exclusively on business and professional networking. You will find interfaces to connect with classmates or colleagues (both past and present); find service providers or clients; post or find a job; and ask or answer business-related questions.

5. Whom To Interact With
The people you want to associate with (i.e. make "friends" or be "connected" to) will depend largely on your goals. There are several types of people you will want to consider contacting. Each can help you in different ways, so consider looking for more than one type of "target friend:"
Customers and Consumers: People who will benefit from what you do, consume or buy your products or services, and rave about you to their friends.
Others Within Your Industry: People with whom you can network, share resources and cross-promote with.
Media and Publishers: People who work for, or can influence, publications you would like to be mentioned in (e-zines, newspapers, Websites, etc).
Consultants: People who may want to hire or purchase products from you.
Event, Company or Organization representatives: People who operate businesses and associations that support your industry.

6. How Social Network Marketing can grow your business marketing profits?
Social Media Marketing create opportunities to:
Adds a human element (you) to your business or product
Engage with customers directly but informally while hanging out online
It is fun and simple to do once you know how
Get traffic to your website
Create buzz around your website, product or service or brand
Create inbound links to your website for the search engine ranking benefit
Creates loyalty and trust

7. How to "do" Social Networking?
Working your Network
There are several things can be done to become more approachable:

- Your page is the first thing people see when researching you, so keep it appealing.
Add new content to your page often, giving people a reason to visit regularly.

Like all worthwhile business relationships, online networks must be nurtured. Make the effort to do so, and over time you will reap the rewards.

8. How to "do" Social Networking? Marketing For Business Profits
should define your audience, locate your potential customers, build a social relationship with them and promote your brand and website. What you choose to do on these sites depends on what your business needs. In most communities it is recommended to not start out by promoting your brand or website. If you start out by “spamming” you are likely to get kicked out of that social community. The site administrators will most likely ban you from returning. Being too direct in your sales pitch could also scare people away

9. Platform for growth
Social media has become a platform that is easily accessible to anyone with internet access, opening doors for organizations to increase their brand awareness and facilitate conversations with the customer. Additionally, social media serves as a relatively inexpensive platform for organizations to implement marketing campaigns. Organizations can receive direct feedback from their customers and targeted markets.

10. Why Social Networking ?
Popularity :-Social media has been adopted by a critical mass of the population which means it is important for organizations to have a social media presence. Generally, some official presence is better than none even if a specific strategy has not been defined.
Advertising :-Social media is an enormous advertising platform. Organizations are able to target individuals based upon specific interests shared on social media. For example, if an individual watches a YouTube video about jogging, a shoe company can serve an ad or a coffee company can target ads to individuals who post that they are tired on social media sites.

11. Customers :- One thing is Crystal clear that . Customers are the King and the days of marketer & seller are gone. Mass is moving to Social networking sites so companies will also follow where there customers go .

Awareness :- Some organizations actively use social media in their marketing plan to keep the brand fresh in customers' and non-customers' minds. Linking with an organization on a social media site allows the organization to stay connected with individuals who may or may not be customers instead of relying on them to initiate a contact only when they are looking for additional information.

12. How organizations use social media
Among the goals for which social media can be used are:
Customer service, e.g. direct response to customer complaints
Broadcasting updates, announcements, news, e.g. additional PR resource
Promotions
Behind the scenes look at the organization
Advertising

13. Thanks

PowerPoint Presentation On Retail

PPT On Retail

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Description:

1. What is Retail??
Retail Philosophy — “By The People, For The People and of The People”
Retailing involves selling products and services to consumers for their individual or family use. As the final link between consumers and manufacturers, retailers are a vital part of the business world. Retailers add value to products by making it easier for manufactures to sell and consumers to buy.

2. Industry Evolution
Traditionally retailing in India can be traced to
The emergence of the neighborhood ‘Kirana’ stores catering to the convenience of the consumers
Era of government support for rural retail: Indigenous franchise model of store chains run by Khadi & Village Industries Commission
1980s experienced slow change as India began to open up economy.
Textiles sector with companies like Bombay Dyeing, Raymond's, S Kumar's and Grasim first saw the emergence of retail chains
Later Titan successfully created an organized retailing concept and established a series of showrooms for its premium watches
The latter half of the 1990s saw a fresh wave of entrants with a shift from Manufactures to Pure Retailers.

3. Industry Evolution…..
For e.g.Reliance Fresh, Subhiksha and Nilgiris in food and FMCG; Planet M and Music World in music; Crossword and Fountainhead in books.
Post 1995 onwards saw an emergence of shopping centers,
mainly in urban areas, with facilities like car parking
targeted to provide a complete destination experience for all segments of society
Emergence of hyper and super markets trying to provide customer with 3 V’s - Value, Variety and Volume

4. At year end of 2000 the size of the Indian organized retail industry is estimated at Rs. 13,000 crore

Overall, India’s retail sector is expected to grow from its current $350 billion to $427 billion by 2010 and $635 billion by 2015.

5. Retailing formats in India
Malls:
It Located mainly in metro cities, in proximity to urban outskirts. Ranges from 60,000 sq ft to 7,00,000 sq ft and above. They lend an ideal shopping experience with an amalgamation of product, service and entertainment, all under a common roof.Examples include Shoppers Stop, Piramyd, Pantaloon.
Specialty Stores:
Chains such as the Bangalore based Kids Kemp, the Mumbai books retailer Crossword, RPG's Music World and the Times Group's music chain Planet M, are focusing on specific market segments and have established themselves strongly in their sectors.

Discount Stores:
As the name suggests, discount stores or factory outlets, offer discounts on the MRP through selling in bulk reaching economies of scale or excess stock left over at the season. The product category can range from a variety of perishable/ non perishable goods
Department Stores:
Departmental Stores are expected to take over the apparel business from exclusive brand showrooms. Among these, the biggest success is K Raheja's Shoppers Stop, which started in Mumbai and now has more than seven large stores (over 30,000 sq. ft) across India and even has its own in store brand for clothes called Stop!.

6. For more please refer our PPT. Thanks...

PowerPoint Presentation On Mutual Funds

PPT On Mutual Funds

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Description:

1. What is Mutual fund
“A pool of money managed by an investment company”
Fund operated by an investment company that raises money from shareholders and invests it in stocks, bonds, options, commodities or money market.

2. ADVANTAGE OF MUTUAL FUNDS
Professional expertise
Diversification
Low cost of asset management
Liquidity
Ease of process
Well regulated
Convenient Administration
Return Potential
Transparency
Flexibility
Choice of schemes
Tax benefits
Well regulated

3. EQUITY FUND
The aim of growth funds is to provide capital appreciation over the medium to long- term. Such schemes normally invest a major part of their corpus in equities. Such funds have comparatively high risks.

4. Money Market Fund
Money market / liquid funds invest in short-term (maturing within one year) interest bearing debt instruments. These securities are highly liquid and provide safety of investment, thus making money market / liquid funds the safest investment option when compared with other mutual fund types.

5. Hybrid funds
As the name suggests, hybrid funds are those funds whose portfolio includes a blend of equities, debts and money market securities. Hybrid funds have an equal proportion of debt and equity in their portfolio.
Debt/Income funds
Funds that invest in medium to long-term debt instruments
issued by private companies, banks, financial institutions,
governments and other entities belonging to various sectors
(like infrastructure companies etc.) are known as Debt /
Income Funds.

6. Gilt Funds
Commodity Funds
Real Estate Funds
Exchange Traded Funds (ETF)
Fund of Funds

7. Main Factors affecting Mutual Fund Industry in India
Population
Movement in Global Markets
India – Potential 'Services Capital' of the World

8. 5 reasons why mutual funds score over stocks
Power of knowledge
Diversification
Solid structure
Offering solutions
Tax neutral

9. Thanks

PowerPoint Presentation On Pester Power

PPT On Pester Power

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Description:

1. Objectives of the Study

The paper plans to study the impact of TV Advertisements on School Going Children. It proposes the following:
To study what pester power is?
To study the drivers of “Pester Power”.
To study the tools used by the companies to target kids.
To study the various ways to control Pester Power.

2. WHAT IS PESTER POWER?
Pester Power is the name given to Marketing Techniques which encourage children to nag their parents to purchase a particular product.

It is repeated nagging of influencing their parents to buy advertised or fashionable items.

Over 95% of kids have pestered their parents for a product promoted on TV, according to a new survey by www.raisingkids.co.uk.

3. Kids –the chief design element of commercials
Videocon with Sharukh Khan
Kids with celebrities like the Big B in the Hajmola ad make a still more lethal combination.
Surf excel advertisement.

4. Influence of Children in Family Decision Making Process
Children constitute three different markets:
the primary,
the influencer,
the future market.
Children have not been observed to have a large impact on instrumental decisions such as how much to spend but rather play a role while making expressive decisions such as color, model, brand, shape, and time of purchase.
Kids have a lot of information because of exposure to television, other media, and friends.

5. Media strategies for children
Marketers use television as a medium of communication
Young children are able to differentiate between a TV program and a commercial but are unable to understand the intent of an advertisement until they are 8-10 years of age
Advertising to children avoids any appeal to the rational, emphasizing instead that ads are for entertainment and "enjoyable for their own sake“
Celebrities and cartoon characters are commonly used by marketers

6. expenditure for pester power
Industry spending on advertising to children has exploded in the past decade, increasing from a mere $100 million in 1990 to more than $2 billion in 2000.

Teens influence more than $50 billion adult spending every year and pester an adult 25 times on an average before the desired product or experience is finally bequeathed.

7. Pester Power in India
Arrival of niche channels like the Cartoon Network, Hungama and Toonami .
In 2005- 120 million tween (children between 8-12 years of age) were present.
Out of which 45 million live in urban areas – contribute whopping Rs. 20,000 crore.
Ad spend per year on products Horlicks and Complan is 12 to 15 per cent of the total i.e. close to Rs 5000 to 6000 crore.
Eg.Nestle India - Rs 1507.1 million in December 2002, Britannia Industries spent Rs 906.3 in March 2002 Cadbury India which spent Rs 876.7 million in December 2002.

8. For more please refer our PPT. Thanks

PowerPoint Presentation On LIC

PPT On LIC

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Description:

1. INTRODUCTION OF THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY IN INDIA
India has a deep rooted history.

1818 I saw the advent life insurance business in India with the establish of the oriental life insurance company in India.

In 1914, the Government of India started publishing returns of Insurance Companies in India.

An Ordinance was issued on 19th January, 1956 nationalizing the Life Insurance sector and Life Insurance Corporation came into existence in the same year

2. The IRDA opened up the market in August 2000 with the invitation for application for registrations. Foreign companies were allowed ownership of up to 26%.

Parliament passed a bill de-linking the four subsidiaries from GIC in July, 2002.

3. LIBERALIZATION OF INSURANCE SECTOR
Globalization will provide opportunities to the customers.

Better production with more reasonable and affordable prices.

The customer will get better services.

It will enhance the saving rate.

Long term funds for infrastructure development will be available to the country.

It will secure for India larger inflow of foreign capital need to sustain our GDP growth.

4. WHY INSURANCE IN INDIA?
We live in the information age. People are becoming more aware of the importance of insurance in their life.

Today, natural disasters on a large scale occur regularly and even terrorism is increasing day by day. Specialized software is used in actuarial science to accurately predict life expectancy and mortality. But natural disasters are difficult to predict.

5. When LIC was formed in 1956 through the amalgamation of 225 private companies, its business objectives complemented its social objectives. The main objective is to spread life insurance to every nook and corner of the country especially rural areas, to socially and economically backward classes and provide them reasonably-priced financial cover against death.

Even today after 50 years, the core value of social commitment has not changed. What have changed in recent times are customers’ expectations and the environment in which the life insurance sector operates.

6. Insurance companies in India:
IRDA has so far granted registration to 12 private life insurance companies and 9 general insurance companies. If the existing public sector insurance companies are included, there are currently 13 insurance companies in the life side and 13 companies operating in general insurance business.

7. KEY PLAYERS IN INDIAN LIFE INSURANCE INDUSTRY:
LIFE INSURANCE CORPORATION OF INDIA

ING. VYSYA LIFE INSDURANCE

OM KOTAK MAHINDRA LIFE INSURANCE

ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE

BIRLA SUN LIFE

AVIVA

8. TATA-AIG

MET LIFE

Reliance Life Insurance

9. COMPANY PROFILE
HDFC Incorporated in 1977 with a share capital of Rs 10 Crores, HDFC has since emerged as the largest residential mortgage finance institution in the country. The corporation has had a series of share issues raising its capital to Rs. 119 Crores.

The gross premium income for the year ending March 31, 2007 stood at Rs. 2,856 Crores and new business premium income at Rs. 1,624 Crores. The company has covered over 8,77,000 lives year ending March 31, 2007.

10. GROUP COMPANIES
HDFC Bank: World Class Indian Bank- among the top private banks in India.
HDFC AMC: One of the top 3 Amc’s in India- Preferred investment manager.
Intel net Global: BPO services for international customers.
CIBIL: Credit Information Bureau India Limited.
HDFC Chubb: Upcoming Private companies in the field of General Insurance.
HDFC Mutual Fund
HDFC reality. COM: Helps to search properties in all major cities in India
HDFC securities

11. Broadly HDFC has its influence spread into 4 major area these are:
HDFC STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE
HDFC GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY
HDFC MUTUAL FUNDS
HDFC SECURITIES

12. KEY STRENGTH:
Financial Expertise :a joint venture of leading financial services groups
Range of Solutions:
HDFC has a range of individual and group solutions, which can be easily customized to specific needs

13. PRODUCTS & SERVICES
Endowment Plans
Money Back Policy
Group Insurance Policy
Term Insurance Policy

14. INTRODUCTION OF LIC
LIC has an excellent money back policy which provides for periodic payments of partial survival benefits as long as the policy holder is alive. 20% of the sum assured is payable after 5, 10, 15 and 20 years and the balance 40% is payable at the 20th year along with accrued bonus.
LIC offers 66 different plans; plans are formulated for specific occasions – whole life plans, term assurance plans, money back plan for women, child plans, plans for the handicapped individuals, endowment assurance plans, plans for high worth individuals, pension plans, unit linked plans, special plans, social security schemes – diversified portfolio of products. HDFC SLIC could diversify its product portfolio. It could add more plans for high worth individuals and women.

15. Objective of LIC:
Spread Life Insurance widely and in particular to the rural areas and to the socially and economically backward classes with a view to reaching all insurable persons in the country and providing them adequate financial cover against death at a reasonable cost.

Maximize mobilization of people's savings by making insurance-linked savings adequately attractive.

Conduct business with utmost economy and with the full realization that the moneys belong to the policyholders.

Act as trustees of the insured

16. Mission/vision:
Mission "Explore and enhance the quality of life of people through financial security by providing products and services of aspired attributes with competitive returns, and by rendering resources for economic development."
Vision "A trans-nationally competitive financial conglomerate of significance to societies and Pride of India."

17. SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS:

Domestic image of HDFC supported by Prudential’s international image is strength of the company.
Strong and well spread network of qualified intermediaries and sales person.
Strong capital and reserve base.
The company provides customer service of the highest order

WEAKNESS:

Heavy management expenses and administrative costs.
Low customer confidence on the private players.

18. OPPORTUNITIES:
Insurable population –According to ING only 10% of the population is insure which represents around 30% of the insurable population. This suggests more than 300m people, with the potential to buy insurance, remain uninsured.
There will be inflow of managerial and financial expertise from the world’s leading insurance markets. Further the burden of educating consumers will also be shared among many players.

19. THREATS
Reorganization of PSU’s. The all PSU’s have started to redefine their services to attract customer’s attention.
A few foreign Insurance companies have been permitted to increase their number branches and its entry has taken away some business of the existing companies.

20. SWOT ANALYSIS LIC
STRENGTHS:
India’s top insurance company and best among Public sector company.
Provide better infrastructure than any other Public company.

WEAKNESSES:
Average waiting time for the customer is 15 to 20 minutes.
No separate customer care unit

OPPORTUNITIES:
Setup a marketing cell at the local branch.
Ensure that policies are diversified across several customer segments

21. THEREATS: Growth of private players has led to shifting emphasis from public sector companies.

22. CONCLUSION
The products of HDFC Std. LIFE & LIC are no doubt very good and it provides the customized solution to its customer the products offerings are made so very flexible and adaptable in order to get with the customer requirements. All the products and the special offering at LIC loaded with lot of benefits for the customer. LIC is always there to serve its customers with great speed. LIC has a wide network of branches amongst the private sector insurance companies.

23. Thanks

PowerPoint Presentation On Lean Manufacturing Sysytem In Management

Lean Manufacturing Sysytem In Management PPT

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Description:

1. What is lean manufacturing ???.
Lean manufacturing evolved out of lean thinking which means removal of waste.

Waste specifically means any activity which absorbs resources but creates no value.

Lean manufacturing is a systematic approach for identifying and eliminating waste in operations through continuous improvement.

2. HISTORY
Pre 20th century

20th century

Ford starts the ball rolling

Toyota develops lean thinking

3. Techniques of Lean manufacturing
“ A management philosophy which seeks to integrate all organizational functions ( marketing, finance, design, engineering, production, customer service….) to focus on meeting customer needs and organizational objectives.”

4. JIT (Just in time)
Just-in-time (JIT) is an inventory strategy implemented to improve the return on investment of a business by reducing in-process inventory and its associated Carrying costs.

5. KAIZEN
KAIZEN is Japanese word for improvement. Kaizen was first implemented in several Japanese businesses during the country's recovery after World War II, including Toyota, and has since spread to businesses throughout the world.

6. 5 S
SEIRI:- Sorting
SEITON:- Simplifying
SEISO:- Sweeping, systematic cleaning or shining
SEIKESTSU:- Standardizing
SHITSUKE:- Sustaining

7. SIX SIGMA
The term six sigma comes from the field of statistics. Six Sigma approach has broadened to include such things as programme and project management tools and rules all of which are complementary to lean manufacturing.

8. KANBAN
Kanban means "sign" in Japanese, and is a visual
reactive re-order point control system.

TPM(TOTAL PRODUCTIVE MAINTENANCE)
Another lean manufacturing tool, which is focused
on the objective of zero breakdowns.

SIMULATION
There are two types of manufacturing system
simulation: computer and manual. This approach
enables operators to "buy-in" to the design of
the manufacturing system.

9. TYPES OF WASTE
Over production
Transportation
Waiting
Inventory
Motion
Order processing
Defects

10. CASE STUDY
In 1986 Motorola invented Six Sigma, a quality and business improvement methodology that is revolutionizing industry.Two decades and two Malcolm Baldridge Awards later, Motorola is still finding new ways to reinvent itself using this techniques.
Dan Tegel, Global Director, Digital Six Sigma Business
Improvement Motorola

11. In 1980s US economy was facing downtrend as companies like Motorola were experiencing many problems.

Like increasing complaints about warranty claims for defective products.

Motorola sold its TV division Quasar to Matsushita, which is a Japanese electronic company.

12. They found that Japanese management focused on preventing errors at the source therefore dramatically reduces the defects and the cost for rectifying them.

In 1987 Galvin launched a long term quality program called “The Six Sigma Quality Program”.

By 1992, Motorola aimed to achieve the overall quality level of 5.4 defects per million, a little less than Six Sigma which is 3.4 defects per million

13. CONCLUSION
Upper management at the time generally thought increasing quality meant increasing cost. The use of Six Sigma proved the opposite was true. One of Motorola’s most significant contributions was to change the discussion of quality from the one where quality levels were measured in percentages (parts per hundred) to a discussion of parts per million. During inspiration from Motorola, many other corporates across the world began to adopt the Six Sigma methodology and the concept began to be loosely described as “ The Second Industrial Revolution.”

14. Thanks

PowerPoint Presentation On FDI

PPT On FDI

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Description:

1. Portfolio investment
Investment that does not involve obtaining a degree of control in a company

Foreign Direct Investment
Purchase of physical assets or a significant amount of the ownership (stock) of a company in another country to gain a measure of management control

2. Advantages of FDI

Increase investment level and thereby income & employment
Increase tax revenue of government
Facilitates transfer of technology
Encourage managerial revolution through professional management
Increase exports and reduce import requirements
Increase competition and break domestic monopolies
Improves quality and reduces cost of inputs

3. Limitations of FDI

Flow to high profit areas rather than main concern areas
Through their power and flexibility, MNC can undermine economic autonomy and control
Sometimes interferes in the national politics
Sometimes engage in unfair and unethical trade practices
Sometimes result in minimizing / eliminating competition and create monopolies or oligopolistic structures

4. FDI equity limit-Automatic route
Insurance – 26%
Domestic airlines – 49%
Telecom services- Foreign equity 74%
Private sector banks- 74%
Mining of diamonds and precious stones- 74%
Exploration and mining of coal and lignite for captive consumption- 74%

FDI requiring prior approval
Defense production – 26%
FM Broadcasting - 20%
News and current affairs- 26%
Broadcasting- cable, up-linking – 49%
Trading- wholesale cash and carry, export trading, etc., 100%
Tea plantation – 100%
Development of airports- 100%
Courier services- 100%

5. 100% FDI permitted in India

Engineering & Manufacturing sectors
Roads & Highways, Ports and Harbors
Industrial model towns/industrial parks
Hotels & Tourism
Pollution Control and Management
Advertising & Film industry
Power generation (hydro-electric, coal/lignite, oil or gas based)
Information Technology including E-Commerce

6. Factors affecting FDI

Profitability: Attract where return on investment is higher
Costs of production: Encouraged by lower costs of production like raw materials, labor .
Economic Conditions: Market potential, infrastructure, size of population, income level etc
Government policies: Policies like foreign investment, foreign collaboration, remittances, profits, taxation, foreign exchange control, tariffs etc.
Political factors: Political stability, nature of important political parties and relations with other countries.

7. FII

Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) are allowed to invest in the primary and secondary capital markets in India through the portfolio investment scheme (PIS). Under this scheme, FIIs/NRIs can acquire shares/debentures of Indian companies through the stock exchanges in India

8. List of companies in which FII investment is allowed upto limits fixed by companies as indicated against their names

Amtek Auto Ltd (74%)
Advanta India Limited 49%
Amtek India Ltd (74%)
Ahmednagar Forgings Ltd (74%)
Anant Raj Industries Ltd. (40%)
ANG Auto Ltd (49%)
Apollo Hospitals (74%)
Aptech Ltd (74%)
Arshiya International Limited (49%)
Bombay Rayon Fashions Ltd (40%)

9. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main objective of the study is to know about in which sector the industries are invest our money FDI or FII.
To identify factors which inhibit higher FDI or FII flows and suggest remedial steps.
To examine policy reforms towards mergers and acquisition for attracting FDI or FII
To suggest changes in institutional apparatus and organizations, both in Centre and States, for attracting the FDI or FII flows.

10. CONCLUSION

The result of all these efforts are encouraging: the inflow of foreign capital has been steadily rising year to year so that FDI is better then FII
Investors based in many countries have taken advantage of the India-Mauritius bilateral tax treaty to set up holding companies in Mauritius which subsequently invest in India, thus reducing their tax obligations.
By industry, the largest destinations for FDI are electrical equipment (including computer software and electronics), services, telecommunication & transportation.

11. Thanks

PowerPoint Presentation On Share Market

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PPT On Stock Exchange

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Service Marketing Assignment On Stock Exchanges

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Stock Market Movements PPT

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PowerPoint Presentation On Emotional Branding

PPT On Emotional Branding

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Description:

1. THE ONLY FACTOR BECOMING SCARCE IN
A WORLD OF ABUNDANCE IS HUMAN ATTENTION.
--KEVIN KELLY
Emotional branding is a very powerful means of increasing
one’s market share and creating brand loyalty by triggering emotions of customers.

2. COLOUR BRANDING

COLOURS HAVE THE ABILITY TO CHANGE PEOPLE’S EMOTIONS.
HOW
COLOR PREFERENCES AFFECT YOUR BRAND AND
MARKETING STRATEGY ?

3. UNDERSTANDING THE EMOTIONAL BRAND BENEFIT
Functional Benefit
Emotional Benefit
Social Benefit

4. KEY MANDATES FOR EMOTIONAL BRANDING:

Consumers buy, People live.

Product fulfill needs, experiences fulfill desires.

Identity is recognition. Personality is about character and charisma!

5. Conclusion…………………..

EMOTIONAL BRANDING IS THE NEW MANTRA………

6. Thanks

Wednesday, May 18, 2011

PowerPoint Presentation On Employee Engagement

PPT On Employee Engagement

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Description:

1. GLOBAL TELECOM INDUSTRY

Telecommunication is an important part of modern society.
The global mobile phone industry has been growing at a rapid pace due to rising demand for advanced cell phone.
The mobile technology has become blood veins for economic development in developing countries because it has emerged as the cheapest and fastest way of communication for small businesses and enterprises.
Growing competition among mobile companies of developing countries have substantially reduced tariff rates and prices of handsets, thus making mobile phones affordable to people and contributed to the boom in the industry worldwide.
Introduction of new and more advance technologies like Mobile TV, 3G, 4G, Mobile WiMAX, and other services are catching the attention of consumers both in developing and developed countries.

2. VODAFONE IN GLOBAL MARKET

Focus of Vodafone in Global Market
Cost reduction and revenue stimulation in Europe
Deliver strong growth in emerging markets
Innovate and deliver on our customers’ total communications needs
Actively manage our portfolio to maximize returns
Align capital structure and shareholder returns policy to strategy

3. INDIAN TELECOM MARKET

The Indian telecom market has been displaying sustained high growth rates.
India constitutes one of the fastest emerging telecommunications market in the world.
India has the third largest telecom network in the world, and the second largest among the emerging economies of Asia which is growing at a very high rate.
As of March 2010, India had about 584 million subscribers in total contributing to the total tele-density of about 49.6% penetration rate.

4. Mobile Network Statistics

The total Vodafone subscribers in India are 74080707 or 24.17% of the total 306453590 mobile connections in India till May 2009.

5. COMPANY PROFILE

Vodafone, the world’s leading international mobile communications company, has fully arrived in India on Sep 19, 2007 Mumbai.
Vodafone completed the acquisition of Hutchison Essar in May 2007 and the company was formally renamed Vodafone Essar in July 2007.
Vodafone Essar in India is a subsidiary of Vodafone Group Plc and commenced operations in 1994 when its predecessor Hutchison Telecom acquired the cellular license for Mumbai.
Over the years, Vodafone Essar, under the Hutch brand, has been named the 'Most Respected Telecom Company', the 'Best Mobile Service in the country' and the 'Most Creative and Most Effective Advertiser of the Year'.

6. MISSION

“To be the communications leader in an increasingly connected world – enriching customers’ lives, helping individuals, businesses and communities be more connected by delivering their total communication needs”.

Vodafone's logo is a true representation of that belief - the start of a new conversation, a trigger, a catalyst, a mark of true pioneering.

7. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

TITLE: EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION AT VODAFONE, JAIPUR
OBJECTIVES:
The whole study concentrates on the following objectives:-
To study the employee engagement practices running in VODAFONE, Jaipur.
To measure the satisfaction levels of the on-roll employees of the Jaipur head-office by conducting an ESAT survey.
To determine the effect of employee engagement activities on employee satisfaction, and to interpret the relationship between them.
To find out the key strengths and weaknesses of the organization on the prospective of the employees.

8. DATA SOURCES
Primary- Interviews, questionnaire & Internet
Secondary- HR Manual, documents, surveys, case studies & text books on HR practices and HR Policies were used.

SAMPLE SIZE
The sample size was 150 that included on-roll employees of various departments of VODAFONE, Jaipur.

DATA COLLECTION
Primary Data was collected for the survey. The sample size was 150 that included on roll employees of various departments of VODAFONE, Jaipur.

9. EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT

Engagement can be defined as “the extent to which people enjoy and believe in what they do and feel valued for doing it.”
Employee engagement is referred to the involvement and the level of commitment which the employees have towards the company they working in.
A fully engaged employee
is intellectually and emotionally bound with the organization
gives 100 percent
Feels passionately about its goals and
is committed to live by its values.

10. EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT PRACTICES AT VODAFONE, RAJASTHAN

The Employee Engagement practices at VODAFONE, can be categorized as follows:
Communication
Fun At Work
Celebrations on Festivals.
CSR Activities
Training and Development.

11. CONCLUSION

The overall employee engagement score was 3.95 on a 5-point scale.
“Pride” scored the highest, indicating a huge sense of pride of association with the VODAFONE.
Employee engagement follows a 10:2 rule –which should be read as “a 10% increase in employee efforts, which in turn, leads to a 2% increase in employee productivity”.
The research also advocates that a highly-committed workforce is 87% less likely to leave the organization.

12. Thank You

PowerPoint Presentation On Affiliate Marketing

Affiliate Marketing PPT

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Description:

1. Affiliate Marketing means the promotion of products or services of merchants via affiliates. Merchant is the one who wants to sell his products or services through the website. Affiliate is the one who is promoting through his website the products or services of the merchant.

2. OBJECTIVE OF STUDYING AFFILIATE MARKETING—

To discusses the present scenario in affiliate marketing
To highlights the improvements and benefits provided by affiliate marketing.
To highlight the ways by which a huge lot of customers can be generated.
To know the new tools and development in affiliate marketing.
To study the best way of generating high revenue.
To know how marketers influence the consumer through advertisement.

3. STEPS IN AFFILIATE MARKETING--
Choose a Niche
Select Affiliate Programs
Build an Affiliate Site
Define the Budget
Drive Traffic to The Affiliate Website
Start a Product Review Blog
Build Your Email List
Interact With the Potential Customers
Build a Network Of down line Marketers
Work Hard

4. RECENT TRENDS –

High keyword prices will drive marketers to try new strategies to boost ROI
Paid search will become more integrated with the enterprise
Paid search will go multi-channel
More money will flow to the content network
Facebook and Twitter will emerge as serious challengers to Google

5. COMPANIES PROVIDING AFFILIATE MARKETING—
COMMISION JUNCTION
DGM INDIA

6. CONCLUSION

Affiliate marketing program is a simple means through which you can earn huge amount of money on the web. In affiliate marketing program, one website helps another by putting up advertisement, content or link on another site which helps in generating traffic to their site. You can treat this like a business or a hobby. It is your choice to succeed or not. Adapt the mindset to be completely open to trying anything that may work and then to test and retest until you come up with a winning formula.

7. Thank You

Friday, May 13, 2011

PowerPoint Presentation On Kavita Radheshyam Photo Shoot

Kavita Radheshyam Photo Shoot PPT

Description:

Kavita Radheshyam who has worked in some Hindi movies and television shows now raise her hand to save animals. She did the photo shoot for this and also convey message with this photo shoot for save tiger. I think it’s really a great step for anyone to do something for animals who can’t say anything to us for their problems.

Tuesday, May 10, 2011

PowerPoint Presentation On The Top Ten WWE Wrestlers Of 2011

The Top Ten WWE Wrestlers Of 2011 PPT

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Description:

10 Dolph Ziggler is on no. 10 on this year. He captured world heavyweight championship so he is on no. 10.

9 Sheamus is hitting two time WWE Championship and has good impression this year so far so he is on no. 9.

8 CM Punk is showing great leadership in these days so he is on no. 8.

7 John Morrison is really great athlete of WWE. He capturing good place in wrestlemania very soon so he is on no. 7.

6 John Cena: No need to tell about this man. He is really a great Champion but this year he is down and he is on no. 6.

5 Wade Barrett is the winner of NXT Season 1 and founder of Nexus, he is on no. 5.

4 Randy Orton is most dangerous competitor of WWE he is on no. 4.

3 The Miz: Everybody know Miz is awesome player because he defended his championship very well so he is on no.3.

2 Alberto Del Rio is the man who reach top in no time. He just started his career in mid 2010 so he is on
no. 2.

1 Edge is the master manipulator, the great Champion he is rated the superstar of 2011 .

Thanks

Thursday, May 5, 2011

PowerPoint Presentation On Top 50 Hot Women Of 2011

Top 50 Hot Women Of 2011 PPT

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PowerPoint Presentation On Magnetic Core RAM

PPT On MRAM

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Description
Outline

Introduction
Magnetic RAM -A historical overview
Why MRAM ???
Magnetic core RAM
Basic principle
Magnetoresistance
- Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR)
- Tunnel Magnetoresistance (TMR)
MRAM
- Fixed Layer
- Reading Process
- Writing Process
- Characteristics
- interference
Other RAM Technologies-DRAM,SRAM,FLASH RAM
MRAM Vs Other RAM Technologies
Applications
Future MRAM Improvements

INTRODUCTION

By the early 1960’s, Magnetic Core RAM became largely universal as main memory, replacing drum memory
MRAM uses magnetism rather than electrical power to store bits of data.
Ferro-magnet

Ferro-magnet is the type

of material used to develop
MRAM
MRAM –A Historical Overview
2003 - A 128 kbit MRAM chip was introduced, manufactured with a 180 nm lithographic process
2004 - Infineon unveiled a 16-Mbit prototype, manufactured with a 180 nm lithographic process
2005 - Sony announced the first lab-produced spin-torque-transfer MRAM
2007 - Tohoku University and Hitachi developed a prototype 2 Mbit Non-Volatile RAM Chip employing spin-transfer torque switching
2008 - Scientists in Germany have developed next-generation MRAM that is said to operate

Why MRAM ???

Why MRAM Became an Important Research Topic
- Universal Memory (Computing & Electronics)
- “Instant-On” Computing
- Read & Write to Memory Faster
- Reduced Power Consumption
- Save Data in Case of a Power Failure
Modern MRAM Technology Emerged from Several Technologies :
- Magnetic Core Memory
- Magnetoresistive RAM
- Giant Magnetoresistance

Magnetic Core RAM

The memory cells consist of wired threaded tiny ferrite rings (cores).
X and Y lines to apply the magnetic filed.
Sense/Inhibit line to ‘read’ the current pulse when the

Basic Principle

The 2 Possible Magnetization States of a Ferromagnetic Element can be Described by a Hysteresis Loop

Magnetization of Film vs.
* The 2 Possible Magnetization States of a Ferromagnetic Element can be Described by a Hysteresis Loop

* Two important concepts of MRAM
1.GMR

2.TMR

Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR)

Two thin films of altering ferromagnetic materials and a non-magnetic layer-spacer.

Tunnel Magnetoresistance (TMR)

* Two thin films of altering ferromagnetic materials and an insulating spacer.

* In ferromagnetic metals electronic bands are exchange split which implies different densities of states at the Fermi energy for the up- and down-spin electrons.

Tunnel Magnetoresistance (TMR)

* Spin of electrons is conserved in the tunneling process.
* Tunneling of up- and down-spin electrons are two independent processes → conductance occurs in the two independent spin channels.
* Electrons originating from one spin state of the first ferromagnetic film are accepted by unfilled states

Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ)
Commonly used insulating materials are Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and crystalline Magnesium oxide (MgO)

MRAM-structure
One of the two plates is a permanent magnet set to a particular polarity, the other's field will change to match that of an external field.

MRAM: Fixed layer
The bottom layers give an effect of fixed (pinned) layer due to interlayer exchange coupling between ferromagnetic and spacer layer of synthetic antiferromagnetic.

MRAM: Reading process
* Transistor is “ON”

* Measuring of electrical resistance of a small sense current from a supply line through the cell to the ground.

MRAM: Writing process
* Transistor is “OFF”

* When current is passed through the write lines, an induced magnetic field is created at the junction, which alters the polarity of the free layer.

MRAM: Writing process

* In order to change the polarity of the free layer, both fields are necessary.

* Only the bit in which current is applied in both hard and easy axis will be written. The other bits will remain half-select.

MRAM: Characteristics

* Non-volatility

* Infinite endurance

* High speed performance

* Low cost

Interference

* Interference between adjacent cells
* Disturbance by digit line current to adjacent line current
* The effect of heat cause bit flip
* Risks of leaking current and other

Other RAM Technologies
DRAM
Each bit of data is stored in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit

Characteristics

* Volatile
* The highest density RAM currently available
* The least expensive one
* Moderately fast

Other RAM Technologies
SRAM
Each bit is stored on four transistors that form two cross-coupled inverters

Characteristics

* Expensive
* Volatile
* Fast
* Low power consumption
* Less dense than DRAM

Other RAM Technologies

Flash RAM

Stores information in an array of memory cells made from floating-gate transistors

Characteristics

* Cheap
* Non-volatile
* Slow
* Enormously durable
* Limited endurance

APPLICATIONS
* Digital camera
* Cellular phones
* PDA
* Palm pilot
* MP3
* HDTV

Future MRAM Improvements

Thermal Assisted Switching

* Solves the first-generation selectivity and stability problems

* Cost-effective and scalable memory technology to at least the 32nm node

Future MRAM Improvements

Spin Torque Transfer

* No applied magnetic field
* Utilizes heavily spin polarized current
* The magnetization of nano-elements is flipped back and forth
* Still has challenges in basic physics and materials to overcome

Refrences
# Bonsor, Kevin. How Magnetic RAM Will Work. 9 Feb 2003. .
# Daughton, James. Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM). 4 Feb 2000. 1-13. 13 Feb 2003. .
# Goodwins, Rupert. Magnetic Memory Set to Charge the Market. ZDNet UK. 12 Feb 2003. 16 Feb 2003. .
# Guth, M., Schmerber, G., Dinia, A. “Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for Magnetic Random Access Memory Applications.” Materials Science and Engineering. Online 2 Jan 2002: 19. Science Direct. 16 Feb 2003. .
# IBM Magnetic RAM Images. 16 Feb 2003. .
# Johnson, Mark. “Magnetoelectronic memories last and last.” IEEE Spectrum 37 (2000 Feb): 33-40.

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